Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Kampweg 5, 3769 ZG, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2018 Mar;43(1):37-47. doi: 10.1007/s10484-017-9384-y.
There is a growing interest in the application of psychophysiological signals in more applied settings. Unidirectional sensory motor rhythm-training (SMR) has demonstrated consistent effects on sleep. In this study the main aim was to analyze to what extent participants could gain voluntary control over sleep-related parameters and secondarily to assess possible influences of this training on sleep metrics. Bidirectional training of SMR as well as heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess the feasibility of training these parameters as possible brain computer interfaces (BCI) signals, and assess effects normally associated with unidirectional SMR training such as the influence on objective and subjective sleep parameters. Participants (n = 26) received between 11 and 21 training sessions during 7 weeks in which they received feedback on their personalized threshold for either SMR or HRV activity, for both up- and down regulation. During a pre- and post-test a sleep log was kept and participants used a wrist actigraph. Participants were asked to take an afternoon nap on the first day at the testing facility. During napping, sleep spindles were assessed as well as self-reported sleep measures of the nap. Although the training demonstrated successful learning to increase and decrease SMR and HRV activity, no effects were found of bidirectional training on sleep spindles, actigraphy, sleep diaries, and self-reported sleep quality. As such it is concluded that bidirectional SMR and HRV training can be safely used as a BCI and participants were able to improve their control over physiological signals with bidirectional training, whereas the application of bidirectional SMR and HRV training did not lead to significant changes of sleep quality in this healthy population.
人们对将心理生理信号应用于更实际的环境越来越感兴趣。单向感觉运动节律训练（SMR）已被证明对睡眠有一致的影响。在这项研究中，主要目的是分析参与者在多大程度上能够获得对睡眠相关参数的自愿控制，其次是评估这种训练对睡眠指标的可能影响。双向 SMR 和心率变异性（HRV）的训练用于评估训练这些参数作为可能的脑机接口（BCI）信号的可行性，并评估通常与单向 SMR 训练相关的影响，例如对客观和主观睡眠参数的影响。26 名参与者在 7 周内接受了 11 到 21 次训练，在此期间，他们收到了个性化 SMR 或 HRV 活动阈值的反馈，用于上调和下调。在预测试和后测试期间，参与者保留了睡眠日志并使用腕部活动计。参与者被要求在测试设施的第一天下午小睡。在打盹期间，评估了睡眠纺锤波以及打盹期间的自我报告睡眠测量。尽管训练表明成功地学习了增加和减少 SMR 和 HRV 活动，但双向训练对睡眠纺锤波、活动计、睡眠日记和自我报告的睡眠质量没有影响。因此，可以得出结论，双向 SMR 和 HRV 训练可以安全地用作 BCI，并且参与者能够通过双向训练提高对生理信号的控制，而双向 SMR 和 HRV 训练的应用并没有导致健康人群睡眠质量的显著变化。
