Forlani Greta, Accolla Roberto S
Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2017 Oct 18;8:1362. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01362. eCollection 2017.
Coevolution of the three basic mechanisms of immunity, intrinsic, innate and adaptive, is a constant feature of the host defense against pathogens. Within this frame, a peculiar role is played by restriction factors (RFs), elements of intrinsic immunity that interfere with viral life cycle. Often considered as molecules whose specific functions are distinct and unrelated among themselves recent results indicate instead, at least for some of them, a concerted action against the pathogen. Here we review recent findings on the antiviral activity of tripartite motif 22 (TRIM22) and class II transactivator (CIITA), first discovered as human immunodeficiency virus 1 RFs, but endowed with general antiviral activity. TRIM22 and CIITA provide the first example of cellular proteins acting together to potentiate their intrinsic immunity.
免疫的三种基本机制，即固有免疫、先天免疫和适应性免疫的共同进化，是宿主抵御病原体的一个持续特征。在这个框架内，限制因子（RFs）发挥着特殊作用，它们是固有免疫的组成部分，会干扰病毒的生命周期。这些因子通常被认为是其特定功能彼此不同且不相关的分子，但最近的研究结果表明，至少对其中一些因子而言，它们针对病原体采取了协同作用。在此，我们综述了关于三联基序22（TRIM22）和II类反式激活因子（CIITA）抗病毒活性的最新研究发现，这两种因子最初被发现是人类免疫缺陷病毒1的限制因子，但具有普遍的抗病毒活性。TRIM22和CIITA提供了细胞蛋白共同作用以增强固有免疫的首个实例。
