Impact of sinonasal disease on depression, sleep duration, and productivity among adults in the United States.

OBJECTIVE

Examine the relationship between depression symptoms and sinonasal inflammatory diseases, and investigate health disparities associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) and sinusitis in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional analysis of 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data.

METHODS

Adult cases of AR and sinusitis were extracted from the 2014 NHIS in addition to demographic, socioeconomic, and related depressive symptom data. The dataset was analyzed with chi-square, t-tests, and multivariate regression.

RESULTS

There were 19.1 ± 1.1 million adult AR cases and 29.4 ± 1.4 million adult sinusitis cases. Of these, 20.6% and 22.0% reported depression symptoms in the past 12 months for those with AR or sinusitis, respectively. Both diseases were also associated with significantly fewer mean hours of sleep a night (AR: 7.02 vs. 7.14,  < 0.01; Sinusitis: 6.98 vs. 7.14,  < 0.01) and greater mean days of work missed (AR: 4.60 vs. 3.62,  < 0.01; Sinusitis: 5.87 vs. 3.41;  < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the prevalence of AR and sinusitis was significantly higher among men, Caucasians, older adults, the more educated, and adults with depression symptoms. Only the prevalence of sinusitis varied depending on income and geography.

CONCLUSION

Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis are associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms, shorter sleep duration, and more workdays lost. The prevalence of both are influenced by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education level. Targeted initiatives should be developed to address these health disparities and comorbidities associated with inflammatory sinonasal disease.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE