Kuroda Toshikazu, Cook James E, Lattal Kennon A
West Virginia University.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2018 Jan;109(1):164-175. doi: 10.1002/jeab.285. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
The effect of response rates on resistance to change, measured as resistance to extinction, was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, responding in transition from a variable-ratio schedule and its yoked-interval counterpart to extinction was compared with pigeons. Following training on a multiple variable-ratio yoked-interval schedule of reinforcement, in which response rates were higher in the former component, reinforcement was removed from both components during a single extended extinction session. Resistance to extinction in the yoked-interval component was always either greater or equal to that in the variable-ratio component. In Experiment 2, resistance to extinction was compared for two groups of rats that exhibited either high or low response rates when maintained on identical variable-interval schedules. Resistance to extinction was greater for the lower-response-rate group. These results suggest that baseline response rate can contribute to resistance to change. Such effects, however, can only be revealed when baseline response rate and reinforcement rate are disentangled (Experiments 1 and 2) from the more usual circumstance where the two covary. Furthermore, they are more cleanly revealed when the programmed contingencies controlling high and low response rates are identical, as in Experiment 2.
在两项实验中，研究了以消退抗性来衡量的反应率对改变抗性的影响。在实验1中，比较了从可变比率强化程序及其配对间隔程序过渡到消退时鸽子的反应。在按多种可变比率 - 配对间隔强化程序进行训练后（在前一个程序段中反应率更高），在一次延长的消退阶段中，从两个程序段中都撤除强化。配对间隔程序段中的消退抗性总是大于或等于可变比率程序段中的消退抗性。在实验2中，比较了两组大鼠的消退抗性，这两组大鼠在相同的可变间隔程序下维持时表现出高或低的反应率。低反应率组的消退抗性更大。这些结果表明基线反应率会影响对改变的抗性。然而，只有当基线反应率和强化率从两者通常共变的更常见情况中分离出来时（实验1和2），这种影响才能显现出来。此外，如实验2中那样，当控制高反应率和低反应率的程序突发事件相同时，这种影响能更清晰地显现出来。
