Ryder Sean P
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
F1000Res. 2016 Nov 3;5:2627. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.9404.1. eCollection 2016.
RNA-binding proteins play a variety of roles in cellular physiology. Some regulate mRNA processing, mRNA abundance, and translation efficiency. Some fight off invader RNA through small RNA-driven silencing pathways. Others sense foreign sequences in the form of double-stranded RNA and activate the innate immune response. Yet others, for example cytoplasmic aconitase, act as bi-functional proteins, processing metabolites in one conformation and regulating metabolic gene expression in another. Not all are involved in gene regulation. Some play structural roles, for example, connecting the translational machinery to the endoplasmic reticulum outer membrane. Despite their pervasive role and relative importance, it has remained difficult to identify new RNA-binding proteins in a systematic, unbiased way. A recent body of literature from several independent labs has defined robust, easily adaptable protocols for mRNA interactome discovery. In this review, I summarize the methods and review some of the intriguing findings from their application to a wide variety of biological systems.
RNA结合蛋白在细胞生理学中发挥着多种作用。一些调节mRNA加工、mRNA丰度和翻译效率。一些通过小RNA驱动的沉默途径抵御入侵的RNA。其他一些则以双链RNA的形式感知外来序列并激活先天免疫反应。还有一些，例如细胞质乌头酸酶，作为双功能蛋白，以一种构象处理代谢物，以另一种构象调节代谢基因表达。并非所有的都参与基因调控。一些发挥结构作用，例如，将翻译机制连接到内质网外膜。尽管它们具有普遍作用和相对重要性，但仍难以以系统、无偏见的方式鉴定新的RNA结合蛋白。最近来自几个独立实验室的一系列文献已经定义了用于mRNA相互作用组发现的强大且易于适应的方案。在这篇综述中，我总结了这些方法，并回顾了将它们应用于各种生物系统时的一些有趣发现。
