Kaplan B J, McNicol J, Conte R A, Moghadam H K
Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Pediatrics. 1989 Jan;83(1):7-17.
A 10-week study was conducted in which all food was provided for the families of 24 hyperactive preschool-aged boys whose parents reported the existence of sleep problems or physical signs and symptoms. A within-subject crossover design was used, and the study was divided into three periods: a baseline period of 3 weeks, a placebo-control period of 3 weeks, and an experimental diet period of 4 weeks. The experimental diet was broader than those studied previously in that it eliminated not only artificial colors and flavors but also chocolate, monosodium glutamate, preservatives, caffeine, and any substance that families reported might affect their specific child. The diet was also low in simple sugars, and it was dairy free if the family reported a history of possible problems with cow's milk. According to the parental report, more than half of the subjects exhibited a reliable improvement in behavior and negligible placebo effects. In addition, several nonbehavioral variables tended to improve while the children received the experimental diet, particularly halitosis, night awakenings, and latency to sleep onset.
对24名患有多动症的学龄前男孩家庭进行了一项为期10周的研究，这些男孩的父母报告孩子存在睡眠问题或身体体征及症状。研究采用了受试者内交叉设计，分为三个阶段：3周的基线期、3周的安慰剂对照期和4周的实验饮食期。实验饮食比之前研究的范围更广，因为它不仅消除了人工色素和香料，还排除了巧克力、味精、防腐剂、咖啡因以及家庭报告可能影响自家孩子的任何物质。该饮食的单糖含量也较低，如果家庭报告孩子有牛奶相关问题史，则不含乳制品。根据家长报告，超过一半的受试者行为有显著改善，且安慰剂效应可忽略不计。此外，在儿童接受实验饮食期间，一些非行为变量也趋于改善，尤其是口臭、夜间觉醒和入睡潜伏期。
