Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Trends Biotechnol. 2018 Jan;36(1):15-29. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Nanomaterials have been developed for many biomedical applications, including medical imaging, drug delivery, and antimicrobial coatings. Intriguingly, nanoparticles can display 'enzyme-like' activity and have been explored as alternatives to natural enzymes in several industrial and energy-related applications. Recently, these catalytic nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic properties have found new biomedical applications, from biofilm disruption to protection against neurodegeneration and tumor prevention. In this review we focus on recent in vivo studies demonstrating potential therapeutic uses of catalytic nanomaterials. We also provide insights about the relationships between catalytic activity, therapeutic efficacy, and biocompatibility that are critical for clinical translatability. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future directions for the use of these nanomaterials as novel platforms for the development of sustainable, affordable, and safe therapeutics.
纳米材料已被开发用于许多生物医学应用，包括医学成像、药物输送和抗菌涂层。有趣的是，纳米颗粒可以表现出“类酶”活性，并在一些工业和能源相关应用中被探索作为天然酶的替代品。最近，这些具有酶模拟特性的催化纳米材料在生物膜破坏、预防神经退行性疾病和肿瘤预防等新的生物医学应用中找到了新的用途。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的体内研究，这些研究证明了催化纳米材料的潜在治疗用途。我们还提供了关于催化活性、治疗效果和生物相容性之间关系的见解，这些关系对于临床转化至关重要。最后，我们讨论了将这些纳米材料作为开发可持续、负担得起和安全治疗方法的新型平台的当前挑战和未来方向。
