Liu Xiaoyang, Zhang Huihui, Chen Lianglong, Zheng Zesen, Li Wenwen, Huang Chaoyang, Zhou Hai, Chen Yanqi, Jiang Ziwei, Liang Jiaqi, Yu Qiuyi, Yang Lei
Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Jul 1;23(1):479. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03558-w.
Wound healing outcomes critically depend on precise regulation of oxidative and antimicrobial microenvironments. Traditional dressings have limited wound responsiveness, insufficient infection control, and limited treatment accuracy. In contrast, nanozymes, featuring enzyme-mimetic activities, tunable catalysis, and engineered sizes that balance catalytic site accessibility with tissue penetration, offer spatiotemporal control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pathogen elimination. This review systematically examines recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanozymes for wound management, focusing on their catalytic mechanisms and therapeutic specificity. These intelligent systems dynamically adapt catalytic behaviors (e.g., ROS scavenging, bacterial lysis) to physical stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasound) and physiological signals (pH, redox imbalance, ATP levels, microbial metabolites), leveraging size-dependent targeting mechanisms to ensure localized therapeutic effects while minimizing off-target damage. Current evidence demonstrates their multifunctional capacity to synergistically accelerate infection clearance, inflammation resolution, and angiogenesis. Future development should prioritize biosafety validation alongside size-effect standardization, stimulus specificity, and scalable manufacturing to advance personalized nanomedicine for refractory wounds.
伤口愈合结果严重依赖于对氧化和抗菌微环境的精确调控。传统敷料对伤口的反应能力有限，感染控制不足，治疗准确性也有限。相比之下，纳米酶具有模拟酶活性、可调节催化作用以及工程化尺寸，能够在催化位点可及性与组织穿透性之间取得平衡，可实现对活性氧（ROS）的时空控制以及病原体清除。本综述系统地研究了用于伤口管理的刺激响应型纳米酶的最新进展，重点关注其催化机制和治疗特异性。这些智能系统能根据物理刺激（温度、光、超声）和生理信号（pH值、氧化还原失衡、ATP水平、微生物代谢产物）动态调整催化行为（如ROS清除、细菌裂解），利用尺寸依赖性靶向机制确保局部治疗效果，同时将脱靶损伤降至最低。目前的证据表明它们具有协同加速感染清除、炎症消退和血管生成的多功能能力。未来的发展应优先进行生物安全性验证，同时实现尺寸效应标准化、刺激特异性和可扩展制造，以推动针对难治性伤口的个性化纳米医学发展。
