人类DNA中的非大块病变：形成、修复和复制方式

Ignatov A V, Bondarenko K A, Makarova A V

Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, 123182 , Russia.

Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.

Acta Naturae. 2017 Jul-Sep;9(3):12-26.

DNA damage is a major cause of replication interruption, mutations, and cell death. DNA damage is removed by several types of repair processes. The involvement of specialized DNA polymerases in replication provides an important mechanism that helps tolerate persistent DNA damage. Specialized DNA polymerases incorporate nucleotides opposite lesions with high efficiency but demonstrate low accuracy of DNA synthesis. In this review, we summarize the types and mechanisms of formation and repair of non-bulky DNA lesions, and we provide an overview of the role of specialized DNA polymerases in translesion DNA synthesis.

DNA损伤是复制中断、突变和细胞死亡的主要原因。DNA损伤可通过几种修复过程去除。特殊DNA聚合酶参与复制提供了一种重要机制，有助于耐受持续性DNA损伤。特殊DNA聚合酶能高效地在损伤位点对面掺入核苷酸，但DNA合成准确性较低。在本综述中，我们总结了非大块DNA损伤的形成和修复类型及机制，并概述了特殊DNA聚合酶在跨损伤DNA合成中的作用。