John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 Dec 19;372(1736). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0470.
Meiosis is unusual among cell divisions in shuffling genetic material by crossovers among homologous chromosomes and partitioning the genome into haploid gametes. Crossovers are critical for chromosome segregation in most eukaryotes, but are also an important factor in evolution, as they generate novel genetic combinations. The molecular mechanisms that underpin meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation are well conserved across kingdoms, but are also sensitive to perturbation by environment, especially temperature. Even subtle shifts in temperature can alter the number and placement of crossovers, while at greater extremes, structural failures can occur in the linear axis and synaptonemal complex structures which are essential for recombination and chromosome segregation. Understanding the effects of temperature on these processes is important for its implications in evolution and breeding, especially in the context of global warming. In this review, we first summarize the process of meiotic recombination and its reliance on axis and synaptonemal complex structures, and then discuss effects of temperature on these processes and structures. We hypothesize that some consistent effects of temperature on recombination and meiotic thermotolerance may commonly be two sides of the same coin, driven by effects of temperature on the folding or interaction of key meiotic proteins.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms'.
减数分裂是一种不寻常的细胞分裂方式，它通过同源染色体之间的交叉互换和将基因组分配成单倍体配子来 shuffling 遗传物质。交叉互换对于大多数真核生物的染色体分离至关重要，但也是进化的一个重要因素，因为它们产生了新的遗传组合。支撑减数分裂重组和染色体分离的分子机制在各个领域都得到了很好的保守，但也容易受到环境的干扰，尤其是温度。即使温度的微小变化也会改变交叉的数量和位置，而在更大的极端温度下，线性轴和联会复合体结构的结构故障可能会发生，这些结构对于重组和染色体分离是必不可少的。了解温度对这些过程的影响对于它们在进化和繁殖中的意义很重要，尤其是在全球变暖的背景下。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了减数分裂重组的过程及其对轴和联会复合体结构的依赖，然后讨论了温度对这些过程和结构的影响。我们假设，温度对重组和减数分裂耐热性的一些一致影响可能是同一枚硬币的两面，这是由温度对关键减数分裂蛋白的折叠或相互作用的影响所驱动的。本文是主题为“有性生物中重组率变化的进化原因和后果”的一部分。
