Efficacy of e ethanol extract on the viability, embryogenesis and infectivity of eggs.

This study evaluated the effect of e (e) ethanol extract on the viability, embryogenesis and infectivity () eggs. It was carried out both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro experiment, unembryonated eggs were incubated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL e extract at 25 °C for 6, 12, and 24 h to assess the effect of e on their viability and for two weeks to assess the effect of e on their embryogenesis. In vivo experiment was performed to assess the effect of e on infectivity of eggs. Treated embryonated eggs by extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL for 24 h were inoculated into mice and their livers were examined for the presence of larvae on the 7th day after infection and for histopathological evaluation at 14th day post-infection. e showed a significant ovicidal activity on eggs. The best effect was observed with 100 mg/mL concentration after 24 h with an efficacy of 98.2%. However, the treated eggs by 25, 50 mg/mL of extract after 24 h showed ovicidal activity by 59.22 and 82.5% respectively. Moreover, this extract effectively inhibited eggs embryogenesis by 99.64% and caused their degeneration at the concentration of 100 mg/mL after 2 weeks of treatment. However, the lower concentrations, 25 and 50 mg/mL inhibited embryogenesis by 51.19 and 78.57% respectively. The effect of e on the infectivity eggs was proven by the reduction of larvae recovery in the livers by 35.9, 62.8 and 89.5% in mice groups inoculated by treated eggs at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL respectively. Histopathologically, the liver tissues of mice infected with treated eggs at the concentration of 100 mg/mL appeared healthy with slight degenerative changes of hepatocytes, opposite to that recorded in the infected mice with treated eggs by the lower concentrations. In conclusion; extract possessed dose-dependent anti- activity on the viability, embryogenesis and infectivity of eggs.