Harvard University.
Br J Sociol. 2017 Nov;68 Suppl 1:S85-S104. doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.12324.
Despite much positive change in the post civil rights era, U.S. notions of racism and white supremacy remain powerful elements of American culture. The adaptability and enduring power of these forces can be seen in the emergence of a new historical epoch best describe as the era of Laissez Faire Racism. Prevalent attitudes among white Americans, certain theoretical arguments and hypotheses in American sociology, as well the election of Donald Trump rest upon the on-going operation of racism. In particular, I attribute Trump's electoral success to three critical dilemmas of race that defined contours of the 2016 presidential election: (1) worsening economic inequality in the presence of rapidly changing ethno-racial demography; (2) intensified political partisanship in the presence of well-institutionalized racially coded campaign strategies and rhetoric; and (3) the failure of the Clinton campaign to simultaneously champion the interests of working and middle class families and galvanize the previously powerful multiracial Obama coalition. I speculate on how to forge more effective multiracial coalitions in the future.
尽管在后民权时代发生了许多积极的变化,但美国的种族主义和白人至上观念仍然是美国文化的强大元素。这些力量的适应性和持久力可以从一个新的历史时代中看出,这个时代最好被描述为放任种族主义时代。白人美国人普遍持有的态度、美国社会学中的某些理论观点和假设,以及唐纳德·特朗普的当选,都基于种族主义的持续运作。特别是,我将特朗普的选举成功归因于三个定义 2016 年总统选举轮廓的关键种族困境:(1)在快速变化的族裔人口统计学中,经济不平等加剧;(2)在种族编码的竞选策略和言论得到良好制度化的情况下,政治党派之争加剧;(3)克林顿竞选团队未能同时捍卫工人阶级和中产阶级家庭的利益,并激发以前强大的多种族奥巴马联盟。我推测了如何在未来建立更有效的多种族联盟。