From the Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Room 109, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China (H. Qi, H. Qiao, S.C., X.P., Y.W., X.Z., R.L., C.Y., H.C.); Philips Research China, Shanghai, China (Z.Z.); and Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (J.S., C.Y.).
Radiology. 2018 Apr;287(1):276-284. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170526. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Purpose To develop a three-dimensional (3D) high-spatial-resolution time-efficient sequence for use in quantitative vessel wall T1 mapping. Materials and Methods A previously described sequence, simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) imaging, was extended by introducing 3D golden angle radial k-space sampling (GOAL-SNAP). Sliding window reconstruction was adopted to reconstruct images at different inversion delay times (different T1 contrasts) for voxelwise T1 fitting. Phantom studies were performed to test the accuracy of T1 mapping with GOAL-SNAP against a two-dimensional inversion recovery (IR) spin-echo (SE) sequence. In vivo studies were performed in six healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.8 years ± 3.0 [standard deviation]; age range, 24-32 years; five male) and five patients with atherosclerosis (mean age, 66.4 years ± 5.5; range, 60-73 years; five male) to compare T1 measurements between vessel wall sections (five per artery) with and without intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman analysis, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test with data permutation by subject. Results Phantom T1 measurements with GOAL-SNAP and IR SE sequences showed excellent correlation (R = 0.99), with a mean bias of -25.8 msec ± 43.6 and a mean percentage error of 4.3% ± 2.5. Minimum T1 was significantly different between sections with IPH and those without it (mean, 371 msec ± 93 vs 944 msec ± 120; P = .01). Estimated T1 of normal vessel wall and muscle were 1195 msec ± 136 and 1117 msec ± 153, respectively. Conclusion High-spatial-resolution (0.8 mm isotropic) time-efficient (5 minutes) vessel wall T1 mapping is achieved by using the GOAL-SNAP sequence. This sequence may yield more quantitative reproducible biomarkers with which to characterize IPH and monitor its progression. RSNA, 2017.
开发一种用于定量血管壁 T1 映射的三维（3D）高空间分辨率、高效时间的序列。
对先前描述的序列，即同时非对比血管造影和斑块内出血（SNAP）成像，通过引入 3D 黄金角度径向 k 空间采样（GOAL-SNAP）进行扩展。采用滑动窗口重建技术，在不同反转延迟时间（不同 T1 对比）下对体素进行 T1 拟合，以重建图像。在六名健康志愿者（平均年龄，27.8 岁±3.0[标准差]；年龄范围，24-32 岁；五名男性）和五名动脉粥样硬化患者（平均年龄，66.4 岁±5.5；年龄范围，60-73 岁；五名男性）中进行了体模研究，以比较有和无斑块内出血（IPH）的血管壁节段之间的 T1 测量值。统计分析包括 Pearson 相关系数、Bland-Altman 分析和 Wilcoxon 秩和检验，数据通过受试者进行置换。
GOAL-SNAP 和 IR SE 序列的体模 T1 测量值具有极好的相关性（R = 0.99），平均偏差为-25.8 msec±43.6，平均百分比误差为 4.3%±2.5。有 IPH 和无 IPH 的节段之间的最小 T1 有显著差异（平均，371 msec±93 与 944 msec±120；P =.01）。正常血管壁和肌肉的估计 T1 分别为 1195 msec±136 和 1117 msec±153。
采用 GOAL-SNAP 序列可实现高空间分辨率（0.8 毫米各向同性）、高效时间（5 分钟）的血管壁 T1 映射。该序列可能会产生更多的定量、可重复的生物标志物，以表征 IPH 并监测其进展。
RSNA，2017。
