Benedict Katharine M, Reses Hannah, Vigar Marissa, Roth David M, Roberts Virginia A, Mattioli Mia, Cooley Laura A, Hilborn Elizabeth D, Wade Timothy J, Fullerton Kathleen E, Yoder Jonathan S, Hill Vincent R
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Nov 10;66(44):1216-1221. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6644a3.
Provision of safe water in the United States is vital to protecting public health (1). Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne disease outbreaks to CDC through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html). During 2013-2014, 42 drinking water-associated outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths. Legionella was associated with 57% of these outbreaks and all of the deaths. Sixty-nine percent of the reported illnesses occurred in four outbreaks in which the etiology was determined to be either a chemical or toxin or the parasite Cryptosporidium. Drinking water contamination events can cause disruptions in water service, large impacts on public health, and persistent community concern about drinking water quality. Effective water treatment and regulations can protect public drinking water supplies in the United States, and rapid detection, identification of the cause, and response to illness reports can reduce the transmission of infectious pathogens and harmful chemicals and toxins.
在美国，提供安全的饮用水对于保护公众健康至关重要(1)。美国各州和领地的公共卫生机构通过国家疫情报告系统(NORS)(https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html)向疾病控制与预防中心报告与水传播疾病暴发相关的信息。在2013 - 2014年期间，报告了42起与饮用水相关的疫情，至少造成1006例疾病、124例住院治疗和13例死亡。嗜肺军团菌与其中57%的疫情以及所有死亡病例有关。报告的疾病中有69%发生在四起疫情中，这些疫情的病因被确定为化学物质、毒素或寄生虫隐孢子虫。饮用水污染事件可能导致供水服务中断，对公众健康产生重大影响，并引发社区对饮用水质量的持续担忧。有效的水处理和监管措施可以保护美国的公共饮用水供应，而快速检测、查明病因以及对疾病报告做出反应可以减少传染病原体、有害化学物质和毒素的传播。
