Zerulla Florian N, Augel Clemens, Zebitz Claus P W
Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 9;12(11):e0187682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187682. eCollection 2017.
The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii was introduced to southern Europe in 2008 and spread throughout Central Europe in the following years. Precise reliable data on the temperature-dependent behavior of D. suzukii are scarce but will help forecasting and cultivation techniques. Depending on physico-chemical properties, surface temperature of objects may differ from ambient temperatures, determining physical activity, and affect oviposition on or into substrate, determining preimaginal development later. Therefore, the preferred ambient temperatures of D. suzukii and fruit temperature for oviposition were examined on a linear temperature gradient device. Thirty adults (15 ♀; 15 ♂) were adapted to different temperatures (10, 20, 30°C) for six days and then exposed to different temperature gradients (10-25, 20-35, 25-40°C). D. suzukii adapted to 10°C remained in cooler regions and suffered from a significantly higher mortality at the 25-40°C gradient. Animals adapted to warmer temperatures had a wider temperature preference on the gradient device. Acclimation to lower temperatures and the resulting lower temperature preferences may allow the flies to disperse better in spring to search for oviposition sites. The oviposition activity decreased continuously at a fruit temperature above 28°C and below 15°C, with highest oviposition activity in fruits with temperatures between 19.7°C and 24.8°C. The preferred fruit temperature is in accordance with the temperature optimum of reproduction biology and preimaginal development of D. suzukii reported in the literature.
入侵害虫铃木氏果蝇于2008年传入南欧，并在随后几年蔓延至中欧。关于铃木氏果蝇温度依赖性行为的精确可靠数据稀缺，但这将有助于预测和栽培技术。根据物理化学性质，物体表面温度可能与环境温度不同，这决定了其物理活动，并影响在基质上或基质内的产卵，进而决定后期的幼虫发育。因此，在一个线性温度梯度装置上研究了铃木氏果蝇的偏好环境温度和产卵的果实温度。30只成虫（15♀；15♂）在不同温度（10、20、30℃）下适应6天，然后暴露于不同温度梯度（10 - 25、20 - 35、25 - 40℃）下。适应10℃的铃木氏果蝇留在较凉爽区域，在25 - 40℃梯度下死亡率显著更高。适应较温暖温度的果蝇在梯度装置上有更广泛的温度偏好。适应较低温度以及由此产生的较低温度偏好可能使果蝇在春季更好地扩散以寻找产卵地点。在果实温度高于28℃和低于15℃时，产卵活动持续下降，在温度为19.7℃至24.8℃的果实中产卵活动最高。偏好的果实温度与文献中报道的铃木氏果蝇繁殖生物学和幼虫发育的最适温度一致。
