Skaaby Tea, Thuesen Betina H, Linneberg Allan
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;996:221-230. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_18.
Observational studies have suggested a possible protective role of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. The available evidence does not support either cardiovascular benefits or harms of vitamin D supplementation. This chapter provides an overview and discussion of the current knowledge of vitamin D effects from a cardiovascular health perspective. It focuses on vitamin D in relation to cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischemic heart disease, and stroke; the traditional cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, obesity; and the emerging risk factors hyperparathyroidism, microalbuminuria, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meta-analyses of observational studies have largely found vitamin D levels to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk and disease. However, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have not been able to consistently replicate the observational findings. Several RCTs are ongoing, and the results from these are needed to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency is a causal and reversible factor to prevent cardiovascular disease.
观察性研究表明维生素D可能对心血管系统具有保护作用。现有证据既不支持补充维生素D对心血管有益，也不支持其有害。本章从心血管健康的角度对维生素D作用的现有知识进行了概述和讨论。它重点关注与心血管疾病相关的维生素D，即缺血性心脏病和中风；传统的心血管危险因素，如高血压、血脂异常、肥胖；以及新出现的危险因素，如甲状旁腺功能亢进、微量白蛋白尿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。观察性研究的荟萃分析大多发现维生素D水平与心血管风险和疾病呈负相关。然而，孟德尔随机化研究以及随机对照试验未能始终如一地重复观察性研究结果。几项随机对照试验正在进行中，需要这些试验的结果来阐明维生素D缺乏是否是预防心血管疾病的一个因果且可逆的因素。
