Morote Roxanna, Hjemdal Odin, Martinez Uribe Patricia, Corveleyn Jozef
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 10;12(11):e0187954. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187954. eCollection 2017.
Resilience is a multi-dimensional construct associated with health and well-being. At present, we do not yet have a valid, scientific instrument that is designed to evaluate adult resilience in Spanish-speaking countries and that accounts for family, social and individual components. This study aimed at investigating the construct and cross-cultural validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) by combining Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Hierarchical Regression models in a Hispanic Latin-American group. A community sample of 805 adults answered the RSA, Spanish Language Stressful Life-Events checklist (SL-SLE), and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). First-order CFA verified the six factors structure for the RSA (RMSEA = .037, SRMR = .047, CFI = .91, TLI = .90). Five RSA scales and total score have good internal consistency (scales α > .70; total score α = .90). Two second-order CFA verified the intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of the protector factors of resilience, as well as their commonality and uniqueness with affective symptoms (anxiety and depression). An exploratory MDS reproduced the relations of RSA items and factors at first and second-order levels against random simulated data, thereby providing initial evidence of its cross-cultural validity in a Spanish-speaking group. The Four-steps hierarchical model showed that the RSA scales are the strongest predictors of anxiety and depression-greater than gender, age, education and stressful life-events. Three RSA scales are significant unique predictors of affective symptoms. In addition, similar to findings in diverse cultural settings, resilience is positively associated with age but not with education. Women report higher scores of Social Resources and Social Competence and lower scores of Perception of the Self. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the construct and criterion-related validity of the RSA in broad, diverse and Spanish speaking sample.
复原力是一个与健康和幸福相关的多维度概念。目前，我们还没有一个有效的科学工具来评估西班牙语国家成年人的复原力，且该工具要考虑到家庭、社会和个人因素。本研究旨在通过在西班牙裔拉丁美洲群体中结合验证性因素分析（CFA）、多维尺度分析（MDS）和层次回归模型，来探究成人复原力量表（RSA）的结构和跨文化效度。一个由805名成年人组成的社区样本回答了RSA、西班牙语应激性生活事件清单（SL-SLE）和霍普金斯症状清单-25（HSCL-25）。一阶CFA验证了RSA的六因素结构（RMSEA = .037，SRMR = .047，CFI = .91，TLI = .90）。五个RSA分量表和总分具有良好的内部一致性（分量表α > .70；总分α = .90）。二阶CFA验证了复原力保护因素的人际和个人维度，以及它们与情感症状（焦虑和抑郁）的共性和独特性。探索性MDS再现了RSA项目和因素在一阶和二阶水平上与随机模拟数据的关系，从而为其在说西班牙语群体中的跨文化效度提供了初步证据。四步层次模型表明，RSA分量表是焦虑和抑郁的最强预测因子——比性别、年龄、教育程度和应激性生活事件更强。三个RSA分量表是情感症状的显著独特预测因子。此外，与不同文化背景下的研究结果相似，复原力与年龄呈正相关，但与教育程度无关。女性在社会资源和社会能力方面得分较高，而在自我认知方面得分较低。总之，本研究证明了RSA在广泛、多样的说西班牙语样本中的结构效度和与标准相关的效度。
