College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar 15;618:112-120. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.284. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
The groundwater table has fallen sharply over the last 30years on the North China Plain, resulting in a shortage of water for winter wheat irrigation. Reducing irrigation may be an important strategy to maintain agricultural sustainability in the region; however, few studies have evaluated the transition from conventional irrigation management practices to reduced irrigation management practices in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. Here, we compare the yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize rotation under conventional irrigation and reduced irrigation on the North China Plain from 2012 to 2015. Reducing irrigation decreased the yield but increased the water use efficiency and significantly advanced the harvest date of winter wheat. As a result, the summer maize sowing date advanced significantly, and the flowering date subsequently advanced 2-8days, thus extending the summer maize grain-filling stage. Therefore, the yield and water use efficiency of summer maize were higher under reduced irrigation than conventional irrigation, which compensated for the winter wheat yield loss under reduced irrigation. In addition, under reduced irrigation from 2012 to 2015, the yield and water use efficiency advantage of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation ranged from 0.0 to 9.7% and from 4.1 to 14.7%, respectively, and water consumption and irrigated water decreased by 20-61mm and 150mm, respectively, compared to conventional irrigation. Overall, the reduced irrigation management practice involving no irrigation after sowing winter wheat, and sowing summer maize on June 7 produced the most favorable grain yield with superb water use efficiency in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation. This study indicates that reducing irrigation could be an efficient means to cope with water resource shortages while maintaining crop production sustainability on the North China Plain.
过去 30 年来，华北平原地下水位急剧下降，导致冬小麦灌溉用水短缺。减少灌溉可能是维持该地区农业可持续性的重要策略；然而，很少有研究评估从传统灌溉管理实践向冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统减少灌溉管理实践的转变。在这里，我们比较了 2012 年至 2015 年华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作传统灌溉和减少灌溉下的产量、耗水量和水分利用效率。减少灌溉降低了产量，但提高了水分利用效率，并显著提前了冬小麦的收获期。因此，夏玉米的播种期显著提前，随后开花期提前 2-8 天，从而延长了夏玉米的灌浆期。因此，减少灌溉下的夏玉米产量和水分利用效率高于传统灌溉，这弥补了减少灌溉下冬小麦产量的损失。此外，在 2012 年至 2015 年减少灌溉期间，冬小麦-夏玉米轮作的产量和水分利用效率优势分别为 0.0%至 9.7%和 4.1%至 14.7%，与传统灌溉相比，耗水量和灌溉用水分别减少了 20-61mm 和 150mm。总体而言，在冬小麦播种后不灌溉，6 月 7 日播种夏玉米的减少灌溉管理实践在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作中产生了最有利的粮食产量和卓越的水分利用效率。本研究表明，减少灌溉可能是应对华北平原水资源短缺的有效手段，同时维持作物生产的可持续性。
