National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, PR China.
Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, PR China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 4;9(1):12733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48962-z.
The growth of winter wheat consumes a substantial amounts of water, and precipitation in most years cannot meet the water demand for the normal growth of winter wheat. The unsuitable irrigation strategies waste a large number of water resource, and the low water use efficiency has become the main factor limiting wheat yields. This research explored the effects of different cultivation managements on water consumption characteristics, water utilization efficiency, and grain yields of winter wheat. A field experiment, in which 4 cultivation managements including traditional cultivation management (T1), optimized cultivation management compared with T1 (T2), super high-yield cultivation management (T3) and optimized cultivation management compared with T3 (T4), was conducted during 2008-2010 to measure the above parameters. The results showed that different cultivation managements had significant effects on the total water consumption amounts and water source compositions. Total water consumption amounts in T1 and T3 managements were significantly higher than that in T2 and T4 managements, possibly from irrigation water. T2 and T4 managements remarkably increased the uptake and utilization of soil storage water and precipitation amounts. T3 and T1 managements increased and decreased water consumption in upper (0-40 cm) and lower (60-100 cm) soil layers, respectively, while effectively increased the consumption of storage water in middle and lower soil layers (60-100 cm) and yield water use efficiency (WUE), precipitation water use efficiency (WUE), soil water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation efficiency (IE) in T4 and T2 managements were higher than those in T3 and T1, respectively. Total water consumption amounts markedly raised in T1 and T3 managements, whereas their soil storage water amounts utilization declined. T2 and T4 managements reduced irrigation water amounts and optimized the water and fertilizer supplies, resulting in significant increase in WUE and WUE. Collectively, our results suggest that synergetic improving the water uptake and utilization of irrigation water and soil storage water can be the primary means to increase the grain yields and WUE.
冬小麦生长需水量大，多数年份降水不能满足冬小麦正常生长需水，不合理的灌溉策略浪费了大量水资源，低用水效率已成为限制小麦产量的主要因素。本研究探讨了不同栽培管理对冬小麦耗水特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响。2008-2010 年进行了田间试验，包括传统栽培管理（T1）、与 T1 相比的优化栽培管理（T2）、超高产栽培管理（T3）和与 T3 相比的优化栽培管理（T4）4 种栽培管理，以测量上述参数。结果表明，不同栽培管理对总耗水量和水源组成有显著影响。T1 和 T3 管理的总耗水量明显高于 T2 和 T4 管理，可能来自灌溉水。T2 和 T4 管理显著增加了土壤储水和降水的吸收和利用。T3 和 T1 管理分别增加和减少了上层（0-40cm）和下层（60-100cm）土壤层的耗水量，而有效地增加了中下层（60-100cm）储水和产量水分利用效率（WUE）、降水水分利用效率（WUE）、土壤水分利用效率（WUE）、灌溉水分利用效率（WUE）和灌溉效率（IE）的消耗，T4 和 T2 管理的灌溉水利用效率（WUE）和灌溉效率（IE）分别高于 T3 和 T1 管理。T1 和 T3 管理的总耗水量明显增加，而土壤储水量的利用率下降。T2 和 T4 管理减少了灌溉水量，优化了水肥供应，显著提高了 WUE 和 WUE。总之，我们的研究结果表明，协同提高灌溉水和土壤储水的吸收和利用是增加产量和 WUE 的主要手段。
