Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Mar 1;127:185-207. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.005. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Self-assembly is a powerful tool to create functional materials. A specific application for which self-assembled materials are ideally suited is in creating injectable biomaterials. Contrasting with traditional biomaterials that are implanted through surgical means, injecting biomaterials through the skin offers numerous advantages, expanding the scope and impact for biomaterials in medicine. In particular, self-assembled biomaterials prepared from molecular or colloidal interactions have been frequently explored. The strategies to create these materials are varied, taking advantage of engineered oligopeptides, proteins, and nanoparticles as well as affinity-mediated crosslinking of synthetic precursors. Self-assembled materials typically facilitate injectability through two different mechanisms: i) in situ self-assembly, whereby materials would be administered in a monomeric or oligomeric form and self-assemble in response to some physiologic stimulus, or ii) self-assembled materials that, by virtue of their dynamic, non-covalent interactions, shear-thin to facilitate flow within a syringe and subsequently self-heal into its reassembled material form at the injection site. Indeed, many classes of materials are capable of being injected using a combination of these two mechanisms. Particular utility has been noted for self-assembled biomaterials in the context of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and immunoengineering. Given the controlled and multifunctional nature of many self-assembled materials demonstrated to date, we project a future where injectable self-assembled biomaterials afford improved practice in advancing healthcare.
自组装是一种构建功能材料的强大工具。自组装材料的一个特定应用是在创建可注射生物材料方面。与通过手术植入的传统生物材料相比，通过皮肤注射生物材料具有许多优势，从而扩大了生物材料在医学中的应用范围和影响力。特别是，人们经常探索由分子或胶体相互作用制备的自组装生物材料。制备这些材料的策略多种多样，利用工程化的寡肽、蛋白质和纳米颗粒以及合成前体的亲和力介导交联。自组装材料通常通过两种不同的机制来实现可注射性：i）原位自组装，即材料以单体或低聚物的形式给药，并响应某些生理刺激自行组装，或 ii）自组装材料，由于其动态的非共价相互作用，在注射器内剪切变稀以促进流动，然后在注射部位自行愈合回其重组材料形式。事实上，许多类别的材料都可以通过这两种机制的组合进行注射。自组装生物材料在组织工程、再生医学、药物输送和免疫工程方面的应用尤其受到关注。鉴于迄今为止已经证明许多自组装材料具有可控性和多功能性，我们预计可注射自组装生物材料将在改善医疗保健实践方面发挥作用。
