Du Hongfei, Chi Peilian, Li Xiaoming
a Department of Psychology , Guangzhou University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China.
b Department of Psychology , University of Macau , Macau , People's Republic of China.
AIDS Care. 2018 Jun;30(6):714-721. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1401039. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Despite substantial global efforts to reduce HIV-related stigma, stigma and discrimination remain widespread and are among the most poorly understood aspects of the epidemic. However, there has been little research on whether HIV stigma in a country is associated with HIV prevalence. This article offers a socioecological perspective for understanding HIV stigma in a context of HIV prevalence. Using two international data sets (the UNAIDS 2009 HIV Epidemiological Report and the World Values Survey), we investigated whether and how HIV prevalence is associated with individual- and country-level HIV stigma. Results showed that in countries with higher HIV prevalence, people reported less HIV stigma (Studies 1 & 2). HIV knowledge mediated the relationship between HIV prevalence and stigma (Study 2). People in countries with higher HIV prevalence reported more knowledge about HIV transmission, which reduced their stigmatizing attitudes. These findings suggest that stigma-reduction programs should incorporate a socioecological perspective and consider the roles of prevalence rate of and knowledge of the disease.
尽管全球为减少与艾滋病相关的污名化现象做出了巨大努力，但污名和歧视仍然普遍存在，并且是该流行病中最不为人所理解的方面之一。然而，关于一个国家的艾滋病污名是否与艾滋病流行率相关的研究却很少。本文提供了一个社会生态视角，以在艾滋病流行的背景下理解艾滋病污名。利用两个国际数据集（联合国艾滋病规划署2009年艾滋病流行病学报告和世界价值观调查），我们调查了艾滋病流行率是否以及如何与个人层面和国家层面的艾滋病污名相关。结果表明，在艾滋病流行率较高的国家，人们报告的艾滋病污名较少（研究1和研究2）。艾滋病知识介导了艾滋病流行率与污名之间的关系（研究2）。艾滋病流行率较高的国家的人们报告了更多关于艾滋病传播的知识，这减少了他们的污名化态度。这些发现表明，减少污名化的项目应纳入社会生态视角，并考虑疾病流行率和知识的作用。
