Ekstrom Arne D, Isham Eve A
Center For Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, CA 95616. Center for Mind and Brain, Dept. of Psychology, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2017 Oct;17:84-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Humans, like many other species, employ three fundamental forms of strategies to navigate: allocentric, egocentric, and beacon. Here, we review each of these different forms of navigation with a particular focus on how our high-resolution visual system contributes to their unique properties. We also consider how we might employ allocentric and egocentric representations, in particular, across different spatial dimensions, such as 1-D vs. 2-D. Our high acuity visual system also leads to important considerations regarding the scale of space we are navigating (e.g., smaller, room-sized "vista" spaces or larger city-sized "environmental" spaces). We conclude that a hallmark of human spatial navigation is our ability to employ these representations systems in a parallel and flexible manner, which differ both as a function of dimension and spatial scale.
人类与许多其他物种一样，采用三种基本形式的策略来导航：以自我为中心、以环境为中心和信标导航。在这里，我们回顾这些不同形式的导航，特别关注我们的高分辨率视觉系统如何促成它们的独特特性。我们还会思考我们如何运用以自我为中心和以环境为中心的表征，尤其是在不同的空间维度上，比如一维与二维。我们的高敏锐度视觉系统还引发了关于我们所导航空间规模的重要思考（例如，较小的、房间大小的“视野”空间或较大的、城市大小的“环境”空间）。我们得出结论，人类空间导航的一个标志是我们能够以并行且灵活的方式运用这些表征系统，这些系统会因维度和空间规模的不同而有所差异。
