成瘾与人格黑暗三因素
Addiction and the Dark Triad of Personality.
作者信息
Jauk Emanuel, Dieterich Raoul
机构信息
Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 17;10:662. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00662. eCollection 2019.
In this article, we review associations between the Dark Triad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and addictive behaviors, both substance-related and non-substance-related. We summarize evidence from personality and clinical research and integrate it with prevailing models of addiction. Specifically, we discuss addictive behavior in the light of affect regulation, which is likely more relevant in narcissism, as well as inhibitory deficits, a putative mechanism in psychopathy. These mechanisms can be related to central motives of the respective personality constructs, such as stabilization of self-esteem in narcissism and impulsive stimulation seeking in psychopathy. We conclude that different mechanisms might lead to similar observable behavior in narcissism and psychopathy at earlier stages of the addiction cycle, but psychopathic disinhibition might be particularly relevant at later stages. This underpins the importance of considering personality factors for the understanding and treatment of addiction.
在本文中，我们回顾了人格黑暗三联征（自恋、马基雅维利主义和精神病态）与成瘾行为之间的关联，这些成瘾行为既包括与物质相关的，也包括与非物质相关的。我们总结了来自人格和临床研究的证据，并将其与流行的成瘾模型相结合。具体而言，我们根据情感调节来讨论成瘾行为，情感调节在自恋中可能更为相关，同时还讨论了抑制缺陷，这是精神病态中的一种假定机制。这些机制可能与各自人格结构的核心动机相关，比如自恋中自尊的稳定以及精神病态中冲动性的刺激寻求。我们得出结论，在成瘾周期的早期阶段，不同的机制可能导致自恋和精神病态中出现相似的可观察行为，但精神病态的去抑制在后期阶段可能尤为相关。这强调了考虑人格因素对于理解和治疗成瘾的重要性。
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