从还原论到整体论：通过基因组工程迈向更完整的发育观。
From Reductionism to Holism: Toward a More Complete View of Development Through Genome Engineering.
作者信息
Delker Rebecca K, Mann Richard S
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Systems Biology, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, 612 West 130th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
出版信息
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1016:45-74. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63904-8_3.
Paradigm shifts in science are often coupled to technological advances. New techniques offer new roads of discovery; but, more than this, they shape the way scientists approach questions. Developmental biology exemplifies this idea both in its past and present. The rise of molecular biology and genetics in the late twentieth century shifted the focus from the anatomical to the molecular, nudging the underlying philosophy from holism to reductionism. Developmental biology is currently experiencing yet another transformation triggered by '-omics' technology and propelled forward by CRISPR genome engineering (GE). Together, these technologies are helping to reawaken a holistic approach to development. Herein, we focus on CRISPR GE and its potential to reveal principles of development at the level of the genome, the epigenome, and the cell. Within each stage we illustrate how GE can move past pure reductionism and embrace holism, ultimately delivering a more complete view of development.
科学范式的转变往往与技术进步息息相关。新技术为发现开辟了新途径；但更重要的是，它们塑造了科学家解决问题的方式。发育生物学在其过去和现在都体现了这一理念。20世纪后期分子生物学和遗传学的兴起将研究重点从解剖学转向了分子层面，促使基础哲学从整体论转向还原论。发育生物学目前正经历着由“组学”技术引发的又一次变革，并由CRISPR基因组工程（GE）推动向前发展。这些技术共同助力重新唤醒一种整体论的发育研究方法。在此，我们聚焦于CRISPR GE及其在基因组、表观基因组和细胞层面揭示发育原理的潜力。在每个阶段，我们都阐述了GE如何超越单纯的还原论并接纳整体论，最终提供一个更完整的发育视角。
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