Anselem O
Maternité Port-Royal, université Paris Descartes, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France; DHU risques et grossesse, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2017 Dec;45(12):677-690. doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Nov 11.
To provide guidelines for the management of woman with genital herpes during pregnancy or labor and with known history of genital herpes.
MedLine and Cochrane Library databases search and review of the main foreign guidelines.
Genital herpes ulceration during pregnancy in a woman with history of genital herpes correspond to a recurrence. In this situation, there is no need for virologic confirmation (Grade B). In case of recurrent herpes during pregnancy, antiviral therapy with acyclovir or valacyclovir can be administered but provide low efficiency on duration and severity of symptoms (Grade C). Antiviral treatment proposed is acyclovir (200mg 5 times daily) or valacyclovir (500mg twice daily) for 5 to 10 days (Grade C). Recurrent herpes is associated with a risk of neonatal herpes around 1% (LE3). Antiviral prophylaxis should be offered for women with recurrent genital herpes during pregnancy from 36 weeks of gestation and until delivery (Grade B). There is no evidence of the benefit of prophylaxis in case or recurrence only before the pregnancy. There is no recommendation for systematic prophylaxis for women with history of recurrent genital herpes and no recurrence during the pregnancy. At the onset of labor, virologic testing is indicated only in case of genital ulceration (Professional consensus). In case of recurrent genital herpes at the onset of labor, cesarean delivery will be all the more considered if the membranes are intact and/or in case of prematurity and/or in case of HIV positive woman and vaginal delivery will be all the more considered in case of prolonged rupture of membranes after 37 weeks of gestation in an HIV negative woman (Professional consensus).
In case of recurrent genital herpes at the onset of labor and intact membranes, cesarean delivery should be considered. In case of recurrent genital herpes and prolonged rupture of membranes at term, the benefit of cesarean delivery is more questionable and vaginal delivery should be considered.
为孕期或分娩期患有生殖器疱疹以及有生殖器疱疹病史的女性提供管理指南。
检索MedLine和Cochrane图书馆数据库并查阅主要国外指南。
有生殖器疱疹病史的女性孕期出现生殖器疱疹溃疡属于复发情况。在此种情况下,无需进行病毒学确诊(B级)。孕期复发性疱疹时,可给予阿昔洛韦或伐昔洛韦进行抗病毒治疗,但对症状持续时间和严重程度的疗效较低(C级)。建议的抗病毒治疗方案为阿昔洛韦(每日5次,每次200mg)或伐昔洛韦(每日2次,每次500mg),持续5至10天(C级)。复发性疱疹与新生儿疱疹风险约1%相关(低证据级别3)。对于孕期复发性生殖器疱疹的女性,应从妊娠36周起至分娩给予抗病毒预防(B级)。尚无证据表明仅在妊娠前有复发情况时进行预防有益。对于有复发性生殖器疱疹病史且孕期无复发的女性,不建议进行系统性预防。分娩开始时,仅在有生殖器溃疡的情况下才进行病毒学检测(专业共识)。分娩开始时若为复发性生殖器疱疹,若胎膜完整和/或早产和/或女性为HIV阳性,则更应考虑剖宫产;若妊娠37周后胎膜长时间破裂且女性为HIV阴性,则更应考虑阴道分娩(专业共识)。
分娩开始时若为复发性生殖器疱疹且胎膜完整,应考虑剖宫产。足月时若为复发性生殖器疱疹且胎膜长时间破裂,剖宫产的益处更值得怀疑,应考虑阴道分娩。