Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Dec 19;114(51):13336-13344. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700103114. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
We review the recent research on supercooled and glassy water, focusing on the possible origins of its complex behavior. We stress the central role played by the strong directionality of the water-water interaction and by the competition between local energy, local entropy, and local density. In this context we discuss the phenomenon of polyamorphism (i.e., the existence of more than one disordered solid state), emphasizing both the role of the preparation protocols and the transformation between the different disordered ices. Finally, we present the ongoing debate on the possibility of linking polyamorphism with a liquid-liquid transition that could take place in the no-man's land, the temperature-pressure window in which homogeneous nucleation prevents the investigation of water in its metastable liquid form.
我们回顾了关于过冷和玻璃态水的最新研究，重点讨论了其复杂行为的可能起源。我们强调了水-水相互作用的强烈方向性和局部能量、局部熵和局部密度之间的竞争所起的核心作用。在这方面，我们讨论了多晶型现象（即存在不止一种无定形固体状态），既强调了制备方案的作用，也强调了不同无定形冰之间的转变。最后，我们介绍了关于是否有可能将多晶型现象与可能发生在无人地带（温度-压力窗口内，均匀成核阻止了对亚稳液态水的研究）的液-液转变联系起来的争论。
