Pulido Juan J, Sánchez-Oliva David, Leo Francisco M, Matos Sergio, García-Calvo Tomás
Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Oct 20;59:107-120. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0151. eCollection 2017 Oct.
The main goal of the study was to assess the effects of an intervention programme developed with soccer coaches, based on promoting strategies to optimise the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of athletes. Eight soccer coaches, aged between 19 and 50 years (M = 32.5; SD = 14.34), participated in the study. They were selected intentionally (without academic or federative training) and divided equally into a control and an experimental group by random peer selection. Also, 109 soccer players, aged between 11 and 15 years (M = 13.78; SD = 1.38), divided into a control group (CG; n = 56) and an experimental group (EG; n = 53), participated in the experiment. The training programme (12 hours) was aimed to develop methodological and motivational strategies to promote autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction among the players. The results showed that the participants in the EG decreased competence and relatedness control, while significantly increased (post-intervention) competence and relatedness needs satisfaction. Moreover, values for the EG did not decrease for autonomy, competence frustration and amotivation, while they increased for the sport commitment. Also, intrinsic motivation decreased in both groups (greater decrease in the CG). In conclusion, we can affirm the effectiveness of the training programme to create an environment of "bright side" motivation, and reduce thwarting styles, needs frustration and low self-determination levels.
该研究的主要目标是评估一项与足球教练共同制定的干预计划的效果，该计划基于促进策略以优化运动员基本心理需求的满意度。八名年龄在19至50岁之间（M = 32.5；SD = 14.34）的足球教练参与了该研究。他们是有意挑选的（没有学术或联合会培训经历），并通过随机同伴选择平均分为对照组和实验组。此外，109名年龄在11至15岁之间（M = 13.78；SD = 1.38）的足球运动员，分为对照组（CG；n = 56）和实验组（EG；n = 53），参与了实验。训练计划（12小时）旨在制定方法和激励策略，以促进球员的自主性、能力和归属感需求的满足。结果表明，实验组的参与者降低了能力和归属感控制，而（干预后）能力和归属感需求的满意度显著提高。此外，实验组在自主性、能力挫折和无动机方面的值没有下降，而运动承诺方面的值有所增加。两组的内在动机均下降（对照组下降幅度更大）。总之，我们可以肯定该训练计划在营造“积极面”动机环境、减少阻碍方式、需求挫折和低自我决定水平方面的有效性。
