Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Area Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, No. 2367, Coxipo, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jan;97:1109-1118. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.030. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C. B. Clarke) Munir, endemic to South Asia, is used by tribal for alleviation from abdominal disorders, inflammation and body pain. However, the gastroprotective properties of this species have not yet been studied. The leaves of S. involucrata were extracted by Soxhlet extraction using different solvents successively and the extracts were analyzed for antioxidant and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities using different in vitro assays. The chemical composition of methanol extract of S. involucrata (MESi) was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The gastroprotective action of the MESi at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were evaluated in absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol (EtOH/HCl) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced rat experimental models. To elucidate the mode of antiulcerogenic action, the antisecretory parameters (gastric juice volume, pH, and total acidity) and the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated in gastric ulcer tissue. Also the stomachs of the animals were subjected to histological assessment. MESi presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidants in vitro systems (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and it demonstrated a good spectrum of inhibitory activity against H. pylori growth (MIC, 100 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis of MESi indicated the presence of twenty one compounds, among them phenol (21.84%), hexadecanoic acid (15.96%), (9E, 12E)-9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride (11.15%) and palmitic acid-β-monoglyceride (8.80%) were found higher. MESi (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant reduction (p < 0.01) of lesion area in the ethanol, acidified ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. In the pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, the treatment with MESi significantly altered the gastric secretion by decreasing total gastric juice volume and gastric acidity as well as by increasing the gastric pH. MESi pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) restored the depleted activity of SOD, CAT enzymes and reduced MDA levels in the gastric tissue as well as the histological analysis of the stomachs of the animals showed that the MESi also prevents local action of offensive factors. Collectively, the present study results suggest that the methanol extract of S. involucrata leaves demonstrates gastroprotective action, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat gastro-intestinal disturbances.
印度球兰变种（C. B. Clarke）芒尼尔，是亚洲特有的植物，被部落用于缓解腹部疾病、炎症和身体疼痛。然而，这种植物的胃保护特性尚未得到研究。本研究采用索氏提取法，用不同溶剂依次提取印度球兰的叶片，并用不同的体外试验测定其抗氧化和抗幽门螺杆菌活性。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析印度球兰甲醇提取物（MESi）的化学成分。在无水乙醇、酸化乙醇（EtOH/HCl）和非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）诱导的大鼠实验模型中，评估了 MESi 剂量为 100、200 和 400mg/kg 的胃保护作用。为了阐明抗溃疡作用的模式，评估了胃溃疡组织中的抗分泌参数（胃液量、pH 值和总酸度）以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）水平。还对动物的胃进行了组织学评估。MESi 在几种体外系统（DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP）中表现出较高的抗氧化活性，对幽门螺杆菌生长具有良好的抑制活性谱（MIC，100μg/mL）。MESi 的 GC-MS 分析表明，存在 21 种化合物，其中包括苯酚（21.84%）、十六烷酸（15.96%）、（9E，12E）-9，12-十八碳二烯酰氯（11.15%）和棕榈酸-β-单甘油酯（8.80%）含量较高。MESi（100、200 和 400mg/kg，po）可显著减少乙醇、酸化乙醇和吲哚美辛诱导的溃疡模型中的损伤面积（p<0.01）。在幽门结扎诱导的溃疡模型中，MESi 预处理可显著降低总胃液量和胃酸，增加胃液 pH 值，从而改变胃液分泌。MESi 预处理可显著（p<0.05）恢复胃组织中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性的耗竭和丙二醛水平的降低，动物胃的组织学分析表明，MESi 还可防止局部攻击因素的作用。综上所述，本研究结果表明，印度球兰叶的甲醇提取物具有胃保护作用，支持该植物用于治疗胃肠道紊乱的民间用途。
