Asokan Govindaraj V
Public Health Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain.
Cent Asian J Glob Health. 2015 Jul 23;4(1):139. doi: 10.5195/cajgh.2015.139. eCollection 2015.
Zoonotic disease outbreaks have surged in the last two decades. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus, Nipah virus, influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and ebola. One Health is the initiative of an inclusive collaboration linking human, animal, and environmental health. One Health is advocated through an intersectoral coordination to combat zoonoses, and the term has evolved over centuries. The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the change in the definition of the term One Health over time, particuarly following the the introduction of the latest definition in 2007 by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association.
This review was conducted in four phases. The first phase consisted of a general PubMed search for the phrase "One Health" for every literature published up to December 2014. Then an advanced search was carried out using "One Health" in conjunction with the terms "zoonosis" and "zoonoses" in PubMed for the time period between January 2007 and December 2014. The articles found were then categorized based on the type of journals in which the articles were published. For the second phase, "One Health" was searched as a Medical subject heading (MeSH) term, which is the National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles. In the third phase, One Health advocate organizations were found using Google search engine. During the final phase, One Health was searched in Google scholar, examined by Google trends, and analyzed by Google ngram.
Before 2007, One Health had many connotations to health in the medical literature with an incomplete adherence to the usage of One Health linking zoonoses. The Google trends analysis shows an overal steady increase of the search of One Health from 2007 to 2014, which is consistent with the findings of articles from Pubmed.
Our results indicate that the linkage between the terms One Health and zoonoses started in 2007, which correlates with the joint declaration made by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2007. We suggest creating a MeSH term for One Health in the PubMed database to support more specific research on zoonoses, and exploring the possibility of a patent of the term One Health to support global health and evidence based public health.
人畜共患病疫情在过去二十年中激增。这些疫情包括严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、亨德拉病毒、尼帕病毒、流感病毒、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）冠状病毒和埃博拉病毒。“同一健康”是一项旨在将人类、动物和环境卫生联系起来的包容性合作倡议。“同一健康”通过跨部门协调来防控人畜共患病，这一术语已经演变了几个世纪。这篇文献综述的主要目的是研究“同一健康”这一术语的定义随时间的变化，特别是在美国医学协会和美国兽医协会于2007年引入最新定义之后。
本综述分四个阶段进行。第一阶段包括在PubMed上对截至2014年12月发表的每篇文献中“同一健康”一词进行常规搜索。然后在PubMed上使用“同一健康”与“人畜共患病”和“人畜共患病原体”等术语进行高级搜索，搜索时间段为2007年1月至2014年12月。然后根据发表文章的期刊类型对找到的文章进行分类。第二阶段，将“同一健康”作为医学主题词（MeSH）进行搜索，MeSH是美国国立医学图书馆用于为文章编索引的受控词汇叙词表。第三阶段，使用谷歌搜索引擎查找“同一健康”倡导组织。在最后阶段，在谷歌学术中搜索“同一健康”，通过谷歌趋势进行检查，并通过谷歌Ngram进行分析。
2007年之前，“同一健康”在医学文献中有许多与健康相关的含义，但对与人畜共患病相关的“同一健康”用法的遵循并不完整。谷歌趋势分析显示，从2007年到2014年，对“同一健康”的搜索总体呈稳步上升趋势，这与PubMed文章的研究结果一致。
我们的结果表明，“同一健康”与人畜共患病之间的联系始于2007年，这与美国医学协会和美国兽医协会在2007年发表的联合声明相关。我们建议在PubMed数据库中为“同一健康”创建一个MeSH术语，以支持对人畜共患病进行更具体的研究，并探索为“同一健康”这一术语申请专利以支持全球健康和循证公共卫生的可能性。
