INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.
Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Poult Sci. 2018 Feb 1;97(2):412-424. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex297.
Carbohydrate-degrading multi-enzyme preparations (MEP) are used to improve broiler performances. Their mode of action is complex and not fully understood. In this study, we compared the effect of water-soluble fractions isolated at the pilot scale from wheat grain incubated with (WE) and without (WC) MEP. The fractions were incorporated in a wheat-based diet (0.1% w/w) to feed Ross PM3 broilers and compared with a non-supplemented control group (NC). The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) until d 14 were determined. At d 14, ileal and cecal contents and tissue samples were collected from euthanized animals. The intestinal contents were used to measure the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration using gas chromatography and to determine the abundance and composition of microbiota using 16S sequencing. Villi length of ileal samples was measured, while L-cell and T-cell densities were determined using immuno-histochemistry. The MEP treatment increased the amount of water-soluble arabinoxylans (AX) and reduced their molecular weight while retaining their polymer behavior. The WE fraction significantly (P < 0.05) increased FI by 13.8% and BWG by 14.7% during the first wk post hatch when compared to NC. No significant effect on FCR was recorded during the trial. The WE increased the abundance of Enterococcus durans and Candidatus arthromitus in the ileum and of bacteria within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, containing abundant butyrate-producing bacteria, in the ceca. It also increased the concentration of SCFA in the ceca, decreased the T-lymphocyte infiltration in the intestinal mucosa, and increased the glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2)-producing L-cell density in the ileal epithelium compared with WC and NC. No significant effects were observed on villi length. These results showed that AX present in the WE fraction altered the microbiota composition towards butyrate producers in the ceca. Butyrate may be responsible for the reduction of inflammation, as suggested by the decrease in T-lymphocyte infiltration, which may explain the higher feed intake leading to improved animal growth.
碳水化合物降解多酶制剂（MEP）被用于改善肉鸡的生产性能。其作用模式复杂，尚未完全了解。在这项研究中，我们比较了从小麦粒中分离出的水溶性级分在试验规模下用（WE）和不用（WC）MEP 处理的效果。这些级分被掺入以小麦为基础的饮食（0.1%w/w）中喂养 Ross PM3 肉鸡，并与未添加对照组（NC）进行比较。直到第 14 天，测定体重增加（BWG）、饲料摄入量（FI）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在第 14 天，从安乐死动物中采集回肠和盲肠内容物和组织样本。使用气相色谱法测定肠道内容物中短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的浓度，并使用 16S 测序测定微生物区系的丰度和组成。测量回肠样本的绒毛长度，同时使用免疫组织化学测定 L 细胞和 T 细胞密度。MEP 处理增加了水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖（AX）的含量，并降低了其分子量，同时保留了其聚合物行为。与 NC 相比，WE 级分在孵化后第 1 周显著（P < 0.05）提高了 13.8%的 FI 和 14.7%的 BWG。试验期间未记录到 FCR 的显著影响。WE 增加了回肠中的肠球菌 durans 和 Candidatus arthromitus 的丰度，以及盲肠中富含但丁酸产生菌的 Lachnospiraceae 和 Ruminococcaceae 科细菌的丰度。它还增加了盲肠中 SCFA 的浓度，减少了肠道黏膜中的 T 淋巴细胞浸润，并增加了回肠上皮中的胰高血糖素样肽-2（GLP-2）产生 L 细胞密度，与 WC 和 NC 相比。对绒毛长度没有观察到显著影响。这些结果表明，WE 级分中存在的 AX 改变了盲肠中丁酸产生菌的微生物组成。正如 T 淋巴细胞浸润减少所表明的那样，丁酸可能是减轻炎症的原因，这可能解释了更高的采食量导致动物生长改善。
