Jha Rajesh, Mishra Pravin
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Apr 19;12(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40104-021-00576-0.
Dietary fiber (DF) was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient digestibility. However, with increasing evidence, scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, digestive physiology, including nutrient digestion, fermentation, and absorption processes of poultry. It may help maintain the small and large intestine's integrity by strengthening mucosal structure and functions and increasing the population and diversity of commensal bacteria in the GIT. Increasing DF content benefits digestive physiology by stimulating GIT development and enzyme production. And the inclusion of fiber at a moderate level in diets also alters poultry growth performance. It improves gut health by modulating beneficial microbiota in the large intestine and enhancing immune functions. However, determining the source, type, form, and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits. This paper critically reviews the available information on dietary fibers used in poultry and their effects on nutrient utilization, GIT development, gut health, and poultry performance. Understanding these functions will help develop nutrition programs using proper DF at an appropriate inclusion level that will ultimately lead to enhanced DF utilization, overall health, and improved poultry growth performance. Thus, this review will help researchers and industry identify the sources, type, form, and amount of DF to be used in poultry nutrition for healthy, cost-effective, and eco-friendly poultry production.
膳食纤维（DF）曾因其对采食量和养分消化率的不利影响而被视为抗营养因子。然而，随着证据的不断增加，科学家们发现DF对家禽的胃肠道（GIT）发育、消化生理机能，包括营养物质的消化、发酵和吸收过程都有巨大影响。它可能通过加强黏膜结构和功能以及增加胃肠道中共生细菌的数量和多样性来帮助维持小肠和大肠的完整性。增加DF含量可通过刺激GIT发育和酶的产生来有益于消化生理机能。并且在日粮中适度添加纤维也会改变家禽的生长性能。它通过调节大肠中的有益微生物群和增强免疫功能来改善肠道健康。然而，确定DF的来源、类型、形式和添加水平对于实现上述益处至关重要。本文批判性地综述了家禽日粮中使用的膳食纤维及其对养分利用、GIT发育、肠道健康和家禽生产性能影响的现有信息。了解这些功能将有助于制定营养方案，在适当的添加水平使用合适的DF，这最终将提高DF的利用率、促进整体健康并改善家禽生长性能。因此，本综述将有助于研究人员和行业确定在家禽营养中使用的DF的来源、类型、形式和数量，以实现健康、经济高效和环保的家禽生产。
