Radiobiology Lab, Department of Medical Physics, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
Med Oncol. 2017 Nov 15;34(12):197. doi: 10.1007/s12032-017-1057-4.
DNA repair mechanisms allow maintain genomic stability and proper functioning within the cells. Any aberrations may cause an increased risk of many diseases such as cancer. The most crucial risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are behavioral factors, predominantly chronic exposure to tobacco, alcohol addiction, and infection with human papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr virus. These agents can induce DNA damage; therefore, cells must activate appropriate mechanisms in order to function correctly. Cancer cells are marked with genomic instability, which is associated with a greater tendency for the accumulation of a DNA damage and increased chemo- and radioresistance. Multiple studies have assessed the correlation of increased head and neck cancer (HNC) risk with polymorphism in the DNA repair genes. However, they suggest that interaction of DNA repair genes mutations with susceptibility to HNC depends on a patient's race and risk factors, especially tobacco smoking. Further identification of these sequence variations must be performed. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the DNA repair genes mutations and polymorphisms associated with the high risk of head and neck treatment.
DNA 修复机制允许维持细胞内的基因组稳定性和正常功能。任何异常都可能导致许多疾病的风险增加，如癌症。头颈部鳞状细胞癌的最重要危险因素是行为因素，主要是慢性暴露于烟草、酗酒、以及感染人乳头瘤病毒或 Epstein-Barr 病毒。这些因素会引起 DNA 损伤；因此，细胞必须激活适当的机制才能正常运作。癌细胞具有基因组不稳定性，这与 DNA 损伤的积累倾向更大以及化疗和放疗抗性增加有关。多项研究评估了 DNA 修复基因多态性与头颈部癌症（HNC）风险增加之间的相关性。然而，它们表明，DNA 修复基因突变与 HNC 易感性的相互作用取决于患者的种族和危险因素，特别是吸烟。必须进一步确定这些序列变异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了与头颈部治疗高风险相关的 DNA 修复基因突变和多态性的最新知识。
