Exercise therapy in multiple sclerosis and its effects on function and the brain.

Exercise therapy is a promising nonpharmacological therapy in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although exercise training may induce a transient worsening of symptoms in some MS patients, it is generally considered safe and does not increase the risk of relapses. Exercise training can lead to clinically relevant improvements in physical function, but should be considered an adjunct to specific task-based training. Exercise has also shown positive effects on the brain, including improvements in brain volume and cognition. In summary, exercise therapy is a safe and potent nonpharmacological intervention in MS, with beneficial effects on both functional capacity and the brain.