Gibler Robert C, Kalomiris Anne E, Kiel Elizabeth J
Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Psychology, Miami University, 100 Psychology Building, 90 N. Patterson Ave., Oxford, OH, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2018 Aug;49(4):512-522. doi: 10.1007/s10578-017-0771-7.
Despite robust investigations examining the impact of maternal anxiety and parenting behaviors and child anxiety risk, less is understood about the impact of paternal anxiety and parenting behaviors on child anxiety risk, particularly within the broader family context. An Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to examine whether paternal anxiety longitudinally predicted child anxiety risk indirectly through maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, while controlling for maternal anxiety. Both fathers and mothers of 12- to 30-month-olds (n = 94) provided self-report of their anxiety and parenting behaviors. Child inhibited temperament (i.e., anxiety risk) was coded. Two APIMs separately considering encouragement of independence and overprotection were examined. These models revealed no direct relation between parent and child anxiety while controlling for parenting behaviors. Models did suggest that paternal anxiety is indirectly linked with future child anxiety through lower maternal encouragement of independence, but not through maternal overprotection or paternal parenting behaviors.
尽管已有大量研究探讨了母亲焦虑、育儿行为与儿童焦虑风险之间的关系,但对于父亲焦虑和育儿行为对儿童焦虑风险的影响,尤其是在更广泛的家庭背景下,我们了解得还较少。本研究采用了行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型(APIM),以检验父亲焦虑是否通过母亲和父亲的育儿行为对儿童焦虑风险产生纵向间接影响,同时控制母亲焦虑因素。研究选取了94名12至30个月大儿童的父母,父母双方均提供了关于自身焦虑及育儿行为的自我报告,并对儿童的抑制性气质(即焦虑风险)进行了编码。本研究分别考察了两个APIM模型,分别涉及对儿童独立性的鼓励和过度保护。这些模型显示,在控制育儿行为后,父母与儿童焦虑之间不存在直接关系。模型表明,父亲焦虑通过母亲对儿童独立性鼓励的降低与未来儿童焦虑存在间接联系,但与母亲的过度保护或父亲的育儿行为无关。