One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2018 Feb 15;6:121-139. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014628. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
The emergence of novel zoonotic pathogens is one of the greatest challenges to global health security. The advent of increasingly sophisticated diagnostics tools has revolutionized our capacity to detect and respond to these health threats more rapidly than ever before. Yet, no matter how sophisticated these tools become, the initial identification of emerging infectious diseases begins at the local community level. It is here that the initial human or animal case resides, and it is here that early pathogen detection would have maximum benefit. Unfortunately, many areas at highest risk of zoonotic disease emergence lack sufficient infrastructure capacity to support robust laboratory diagnostic systems. Multiple factors are essential for pathogen detection networks, including an understanding of the complex sociological and ecological factors influencing disease transmission risk, community engagement, surveillance along high-risk human-animal interfaces, and a skilled laboratory workforce. Here we discuss factors relevant to the emerging disease paradigm, recent technical advances in diagnostic methods, and strategies for comprehensive and sustainable approaches to rapid zoonotic disease detection.
新型人畜共患病病原体的出现是对全球卫生安全的最大挑战之一。日益复杂的诊断工具的出现使我们能够以前所未有的速度更快地发现和应对这些健康威胁。然而，无论这些工具变得多么复杂，新发传染病的最初发现都始于社区一级。正是在这些地方，最初的人类或动物病例存在，并且在这里进行早期病原体检测将具有最大的益处。不幸的是，许多面临人畜共患病出现高风险的地区缺乏足够的基础设施能力来支持强大的实验室诊断系统。病原体检测网络的多个因素至关重要，包括了解影响疾病传播风险的复杂社会和生态因素、社区参与、在高风险的人与动物界面进行监测，以及具备熟练的实验室劳动力。在这里，我们讨论了与新发疾病范例相关的因素、诊断方法的最新技术进展，以及用于快速人畜共患病检测的全面和可持续方法的策略。
