Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2018 Apr 29;69:637-660. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040248. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broad-spectrum chemical insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies relating to plant secondary metabolism and immunity and microbiome science, are becoming available. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of plant secondary chemistry offer the promise of specific toxicity or deterrence to insect pests; improved understanding of plant immunity against insects provides routes to optimize plant defenses against insects; and the microbiomes of insect pests can be exploited, either as a target or as a vehicle for delivery of insecticidal agents. Implementation of these advances will be facilitated by ongoing advances in plant breeding and genetic technologies.
害虫通过直接损害和传播植物疾病，导致全球范围内大量作物减产，因此需要采用新型方法来补充或替代广谱化学杀虫剂，从而促进未来几十年粮食生产的可持续集约化。提高作物对害虫的抗性的多种策略正在出现，特别是与植物次生代谢和免疫及微生物组科学相关的策略。植物次生化学代谢的代谢工程的最新进展为针对害虫的特异性毒性或驱避性提供了希望；对植物抵御昆虫的免疫机制的深入了解为优化植物抵御昆虫的防御机制提供了途径；而害虫的微生物组可以被利用，既可以作为目标，也可以作为杀虫剂的传递载体。这些进展的实施将得益于植物育种和遗传技术的持续进步。
