Deng Yiwen, Ning Yuese, Yang Dong-Lei, Zhai Keran, Wang Guo-Liang, He Zuhua
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Mol Plant. 2020 Oct 5;13(10):1402-1419. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.018. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Crop diseases are major factors responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide, which affects global food security. The use of resistance (R) genes is an effective and sustainable approach to controlling crop diseases. Here, we review recent advances on R gene studies in the major crops and related wild species. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying R gene activation and signaling, and susceptibility (S) gene-mediated resistance in crops are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we propose some new strategies for R gene discovery, how to balance resistance and yield, and how to generate crops with broad-spectrum disease resistance. With the rapid development of new genome-editing technologies and the availability of increasing crop genome sequences, the goal of breeding next-generation crops with durable resistance to pathogens is achievable, and will be a key step toward increasing crop production in a sustainable way.
作物病害是导致全球产量大幅损失的主要因素，影响着全球粮食安全。利用抗性（R）基因是控制作物病害的一种有效且可持续的方法。在此，我们综述了主要作物及相关野生种中R基因研究的最新进展。总结并讨论了目前对R基因激活和信号传导以及作物中感病（S）基因介导抗性的分子机制的理解。此外，我们提出了一些R基因发现的新策略、如何平衡抗性与产量，以及如何培育具有广谱抗病性的作物。随着新的基因组编辑技术的快速发展以及越来越多作物基因组序列的可得性，培育对病原体具有持久抗性的下一代作物这一目标是可以实现的，并且将是以可持续方式提高作物产量的关键一步。
