Tang Wangxin, Wang Di, Wang Jiaqi, Wu Zhengwen, Li Lingyu, Huang Mingli, Xu Shaohui, Yan Dongyun
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;191:990-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides with low mammalian toxicity that are widely used in both rural and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, pyrethroids circulate among the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas and enter organisms through food chains, resulting in substantial health risks. This review summarized the available studies on pyrethroid residues since 1986 in different media at the global scale and indicated that pyrethroids have been widely detected in a range of environments (including soils, water, sediments, and indoors) and in organisms. The concentrations and detection rates of agricultural pyrethroids, which always contain α-cyanogroup (α-CN), such as cypermethrin and fenvalerate, decline in the order of crops > sediments > soils > water. Urban pyrethroids (not contain α-CN), such as permethrin, have been detected at high levels in the indoor environment, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a common pyrethroid metabolite in human urine, is frequently detected in the human body. Pyrethroid pesticides accumulate in sediments, which are a source of pyrethroid residues in aquatic products.
拟除虫菊酯是一类合成有机杀虫剂，对哺乳动物毒性较低，在全球农村和城市地区广泛使用。进入自然环境后，拟除虫菊酯在固体、液体和气体三相之间循环，并通过食物链进入生物体，从而带来重大健康风险。本综述总结了自1986年以来全球范围内不同介质中拟除虫菊酯残留的现有研究，表明拟除虫菊酯已在一系列环境（包括土壤、水、沉积物和室内）以及生物体中被广泛检测到。含有α-氰基（α-CN）的农用拟除虫菊酯，如氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯，其浓度和检出率在作物>沉积物>土壤>水的顺序中呈下降趋势。城市用拟除虫菊酯（不含α-CN），如氯菊酯，已在室内环境中被高浓度检测到，并且人体尿液中常见的拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸也经常在人体中被检测到。拟除虫菊酯类农药在沉积物中积累，沉积物是水产品中拟除虫菊酯残留的一个来源。
