van Ommen C Heleen
Department of Pediatric Hematology, Sophia Children's Hospital ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands -
Minerva Pediatr. 2018 Feb;70(1):67-78. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.17.05131-3. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Despite the increasing incidence of venous thromboembolic disease in pediatric patients, it remains a rare complication in childhood. Particularly neonates and adolescents are at risk for development of venous thrombosis. Spontaneous thrombotic events are sporadic, the majority of children have multiple coexisting risk factors, including central venous catheter, asphyxia, congenital heart disease, infection, malignancy, surgery and hypovolemia. Most thrombi are diagnosed by ultrasonography. Recommendations for management of pediatric thrombosis are typically extrapolated from adult studies, despite many differences between adults and children, including developmental hemostasis. This review will focus on the management of venous thrombosis in neonates and children, and discuss the use of the available antithrombotic agents in both age categories with reference to those differences.
尽管儿科患者静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的发病率不断上升，但它在儿童期仍然是一种罕见的并发症。特别是新生儿和青少年有发生静脉血栓形成的风险。自发性血栓形成事件是散发性的，大多数儿童有多种并存的危险因素，包括中心静脉导管、窒息、先天性心脏病、感染、恶性肿瘤、手术和血容量不足。大多数血栓通过超声检查诊断。尽管成人和儿童之间存在许多差异，包括发育性止血，但儿科血栓形成的管理建议通常是从成人研究中推断出来的。本综述将重点关注新生儿和儿童静脉血栓形成的管理，并参照这些差异讨论这两个年龄段可用的抗血栓药物的使用情况。
