Duke University.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Dec;29(5):1675-1688. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417001328.
Using data from 1,177 families in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), we tested a conceptual model of direct effects of childhood family adversity on subsequent externalizing behaviors as well as indirect effects through psychological mediators. When children were 9 years old, mothers and fathers reported on financial difficulties and their use of corporal punishment, and children reported perceptions of their parents' rejection. When children were 10 years old, they completed a computerized battery of tasks assessing reward sensitivity and impulse control and responded to questions about hypothetical social provocations to assess their hostile attributions and proclivity for aggressive responding. When children were 12 years old, they reported on their externalizing behavior. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that across all eight countries, childhood family adversity had direct effects on externalizing behaviors 3 years later, and childhood family adversity had indirect effects on externalizing behavior through psychological mediators. The findings suggest ways in which family-level adversity poses risk for children's subsequent development of problems at psychological and behavioral levels, situated within diverse cultural contexts.
我们使用来自 8 个国家（哥伦比亚、意大利、约旦、肯尼亚、菲律宾、瑞典、泰国和美国）的 1177 个家庭的数据，检验了童年期家庭逆境对随后的外化行为的直接影响以及通过心理中介的间接影响的概念模型。当孩子们 9 岁时，母亲和父亲报告了经济困难和他们使用体罚的情况，孩子们报告了对父母拒绝的看法。当孩子们 10 岁时，他们完成了一套评估奖励敏感性和冲动控制的计算机化任务，并回答了关于假设社会挑衅的问题，以评估他们的敌意归因和攻击性反应倾向。当孩子们 12 岁时，他们报告了自己的外化行为。多组结构方程模型显示，在所有 8 个国家中，童年期家庭逆境对 3 年后的外化行为有直接影响，童年期家庭逆境通过心理中介对外化行为有间接影响。这些发现表明，在不同的文化背景下，家庭层面的逆境如何对儿童随后在心理和行为层面出现问题构成风险。
