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在旁观者眼中:青少年时期对邻里逆境的看法和精神体验。

In the eye of the beholder: Perceptions of neighborhood adversity and psychotic experiences in adolescence.

机构信息

King's College London.

Duke University.

出版信息

Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Dec;29(5):1823-1837. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417001420.

Abstract

Adolescent psychotic experiences increase risk for schizophrenia and other severe psychopathology in adulthood. Converging evidence implicates urban and adverse neighborhood conditions in the etiology of adolescent psychotic experiences, but the role of young people's personal perceptions of disorder (i.e., physical and social signs of threat) in their neighborhood is unknown. This was examined using data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2,232 British twins. Participants were interviewed at age 18 about psychotic phenomena and perceptions of disorder in the neighborhood. Multilevel, longitudinal, and genetically sensitive analyses investigated the association between perceptions of neighborhood disorder and adolescent psychotic experiences. Adolescents who perceived higher levels of neighborhood disorder were significantly more likely to have psychotic experiences, even after accounting for objectively/independently measured levels of crime and disorder, neighborhood- and family-level socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, adolescent substance and mood problems, and childhood psychotic symptoms: odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [1.27, 2.05], p < .001. The phenotypic overlap between adolescent psychotic experiences and perceptions of neighborhood disorder was explained by overlapping common environmental influences, rC = .88, 95% confidence interval [0.26, 1.00]. Findings suggest that early psychological interventions to prevent adolescent psychotic experiences should explore the role of young people's (potentially modifiable) perceptions of threatening neighborhood conditions.

摘要

青少年的精神病性体验会增加成年后患精神分裂症和其他严重精神病理的风险。越来越多的证据表明,城市和不利的邻里环境条件与青少年精神病性体验的病因有关,但年轻人对障碍的个人感知(即威胁的身体和社会迹象)在其邻里环境中的作用尚不清楚。本研究使用了来自环境风险纵向双胞胎研究的数据,这是一项对 2232 对英国双胞胎的全国代表性出生队列的研究。参与者在 18 岁时接受了关于精神病现象和邻里障碍感知的访谈。多层次、纵向和遗传敏感分析调查了邻里障碍感知与青少年精神病性体验之间的关联。即使考虑到客观/独立测量的犯罪和混乱水平、邻里和家庭社会经济地位、家庭精神病史、青少年物质和情绪问题以及儿童期精神病症状,感知到更高水平邻里障碍的青少年出现精神病性体验的可能性也显著更高:优势比=1.62,95%置信区间[1.27,2.05],p<0.001。青少年精神病性体验和邻里障碍感知之间的表型重叠可以用重叠的共同环境影响来解释,rC=0.88,95%置信区间[0.26,1.00]。研究结果表明,预防青少年精神病性体验的早期心理干预措施应该探索年轻人(潜在可改变的)对威胁性邻里条件的感知作用。

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