Kirkebøen Geir, Nordbye Gro H H
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2017 Nov 7;8:1942. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01942. eCollection 2017.
People have, for many well-documented reasons, a tendency to overemphasize their intuitions and to follow them, even when they should not. This "intuition bias" leads to several kinds of specific intuitive biases in judgments and decision making. Previous studies have shown that characteristics of the decision process have a tendency to "leak" into the experience of the choice outcome. We explore whether intuitive choices influence the experience of the choice outcomes differently from "non-intuitive," analytic choices. Since intuition is feeling based, we examine in particular if intuitive choices have stronger affective consequences than non-intuitive ones. Participants in two scenario studies ( = 90; = 126) rated the feelings of decision makers who experienced a conflict between two options, one intuitively appealing and another that appeared preferable on analytic grounds. Choosing the intuitive alternative was anticipated to lead to somewhat more regret after negative outcomes and, in particular, much more satisfaction with positive outcomes. In two autobiographical studies, one with psychology students ( = 88) and the other with experienced engineers ( = 99), participants were asked to provide examples of choice conflicts between an intuitive and a non-intuitive option from their own private or professional lives. Both groups showed a tendency to report stronger emotions, in particular positive, after intuitive choices. One well-established explanation for intuition bias focuses on the nature of people's anticipated negative counterfactual thoughts if their decisions were to turn out badly. The present data indicate that intuitive choices intensify positive emotions, anticipated and real, after successful outcomes much more than negative emotions after failures. Positive outcomes are also more commonly expected than negative ones, when we make choices. We argue that markedly amplified emotions, mediated by stronger personal involvement, in the positive outcomes of intuitive versus non-intuitive choices, is an overlooked reason for intuition bias.
出于诸多有充分文献记载的原因,人们倾向于过度强调自身直觉并加以遵循,即便在不应如此的时候。这种“直觉偏差”会在判断和决策过程中导致几种特定的直觉性偏差。先前的研究表明,决策过程的特征往往会“渗透”到对选择结果的体验中。我们探究直觉性选择与“非直觉性”的分析性选择对选择结果的体验是否有不同影响。由于直觉基于感受,我们特别考察直觉性选择是否比非直觉性选择产生更强的情感后果。两项情景研究的参与者(n = 90;n = 126)对在两个选项间经历冲突的决策者的感受进行了评分,其中一个选项在直觉上有吸引力,另一个选项在分析层面似乎更可取。预计选择直觉性选项在出现负面结果后会导致更多遗憾,尤其是在出现正面结果时会带来更多满足感。在两项自传式研究中,一项针对心理学专业学生(n = 88),另一项针对经验丰富的工程师(n = 99),参与者被要求提供来自其个人或职业生活中直觉性选项与非直觉性选项之间选择冲突的例子。两组都表现出在做出直觉性选择后报告更强烈情绪的倾向,尤其是积极情绪。一种关于直觉偏差的既定解释聚焦于如果人们的决策结果糟糕,他们预期的负面反事实思维的本质。目前的数据表明,直觉性选择在成功结果后强化了预期和实际的积极情绪,其程度远超过失败后的负面情绪。当我们做出选择时,正面结果也比负面结果更常被预期。我们认为,在直觉性选择与非直觉性选择的正面结果中,由更强的个人参与介导的显著放大的情绪是直觉偏差被忽视的一个原因。