Gaylis Jaclyn B, Levy Susan S, Kviatkovsky Shiloah, DeHamer Rebecca, Hong Mee Young
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-7251, USA, Phone: +(619) 594-2392, Fax: +(619) 594-6553.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2017 Nov 23;31(5):/j/ijamh.2019.31.issue-5/ijamh-2017-0067/ijamh-2017-0067.xml. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0067.
Given the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity and risk of developing chronic disease, there has been great interest in preventing these conditions during childhood by focusing on healthy lifestyle habits, including nutritious eating and physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PA, body mass index (BMI) and food choices in adolescent males and females. This cross-sectional study, using a survey questionnaire, evaluated 1212 Southern Californian adolescents' self-reported PA, BMI and food frequency. Results revealed that even though males are more active than females, they have higher BMI percentile values (p < 0.05). Females consumed salad, vegetables and fruit more frequently than males (p < 0.05), where males consumed hamburgers, pizza, red meat, processed meat, eggs, fish, fruit juice, soda and whole milk more frequently than females (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese teens consumed red meat, processed meat and cheese more frequently than healthy weight teens (p < 0.05), yet there was no difference in PA between healthy and overweight/obese teens. These results demonstrate that higher levels of PA may not counteract an unhealthy diet. Even though PA provides numerous metabolic and health benefits, this study suggests that healthy food choices may have a protective effect against overweight and obesity. Healthy food choices, along with PA, should be advocated to improve adolescent health by encouraging maintenance of a healthy weight into adulthood.
鉴于儿童肥胖症患病率上升以及患慢性病的风险增加，人们对通过关注健康的生活方式习惯（包括营养饮食和体育活动）在儿童期预防这些疾病产生了浓厚兴趣。本研究的目的是确定青少年男性和女性的体育活动、体重指数（BMI）与食物选择之间的关系。这项横断面研究使用调查问卷，评估了1212名南加州青少年自我报告的体育活动、BMI和食物频率。结果显示，尽管男性比女性更活跃，但他们的BMI百分位数更高（p < 0.05）。女性比男性更频繁地食用沙拉、蔬菜和水果（p < 0.05），而男性比女性更频繁地食用汉堡、披萨、红肉、加工肉类、鸡蛋、鱼、果汁、汽水和全脂牛奶（p < 0.05）。超重/肥胖青少年比健康体重的青少年更频繁地食用红肉、加工肉类和奶酪（p < 0.05），然而健康青少年和超重/肥胖青少年在体育活动方面没有差异。这些结果表明，较高水平的体育活动可能无法抵消不健康的饮食。尽管体育活动带来许多代谢和健康益处，但本研究表明，健康的食物选择可能对超重和肥胖具有保护作用。应提倡健康的食物选择以及体育活动，通过鼓励维持健康体重直至成年来改善青少年健康。
