Lago-Ballesteros Joaquín, García-Pascual Marcos, González-Valeiro Miguel Ángel, Fernández-Villarino María Á
Department of Applied Didactics, Faculty of Teacher Training, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 36004 Pontevedra, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 26;18(11):5707. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115707.
The imbalances between the actual physical activity (PA) of adolescents and the subjective perception both they and their parents have in this regard can play an important role in perpetuating inactive lifestyles. The aim of this study is to analyse these discrepancies by considering gender as a conditioning factor. The participants in the study were 1697 adolescents, 1244 mothers and 1052 fathers in the educational communities of 26 secondary schools located in urban environments of the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain). With regard to actual physical activity, a high prevalence of sedentarism (82.1%) was revealed, this being even more acute in girls (87.8%). However, the perceived levels of activity differed significantly from the actual ones with a clear general overestimation both by the adolescents and their parents. When further exploring the data, gender influences were also detected both in adolescent and parental perceptions, since the high rates of overestimation in sedentary individuals were lower in girls and, on the contrary, the low rates of underestimation in active individuals were higher in girls. Moreover, although the level of agreement between actual and perceived physical activity was low overall, with Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.006 to 0.047, the lowest values were observed in the case of girls. In conclusion, both the adolescents and their parents were incapable of correctly assessing the actual physical activity of the former, so it seems that the general population lacks knowledge about the amount of physical activity that adolescents need to do to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Consequently, it would be advisable to implement health education campaigns and awareness-raising interventions directed to young people as well as to their parents and, in doing so, gender must be considered by establishing distinct program designs in terms of this variable.
青少年实际身体活动（PA）与他们自己及其父母在这方面的主观认知之间的不平衡，可能在使久坐不动的生活方式长期存在方面发挥重要作用。本研究的目的是通过将性别作为一个调节因素来分析这些差异。研究参与者包括西班牙加利西亚自治区城市环境中26所中学教育社区的1697名青少年、1244名母亲和1052名父亲。关于实际身体活动，久坐不动的比例很高（82.1%），在女孩中更为严重（87.8%）。然而，感知到的活动水平与实际水平有显著差异，青少年及其父母都明显普遍高估了实际活动水平。在进一步探究数据时，还发现了性别在青少年和父母认知中的影响，因为久坐个体的高估率在女孩中较低，相反，活跃个体的低估率在女孩中较高。此外，尽管实际和感知到的身体活动之间的总体一致性水平较低，科恩kappa值在0.006至0.047之间，但在女孩中观察到的一致性值最低。总之，青少年及其父母都无法正确评估前者的实际身体活动，因此似乎普通人群缺乏关于青少年为实现健康生活方式所需进行的身体活动量的知识。因此，建议针对年轻人及其父母开展健康教育活动和提高认识的干预措施，并且在这样做时，必须考虑性别因素，根据这一变量制定不同的项目设计。
