Pereira Agnes Antônia Sampaio, Ferreira Eduardo de Castro, Lima Ana Cristina Viana Mariano da Rocha, Tonelli Gabriel Barbosa, Rêgo Felipe Dutra, Paglia Adriano Pereira, Andrade-Filho José Dilermando, Paz Gustavo Fontes, Gontijo Célia Maria Ferreira
Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ/MINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 27;12(11):e0187704. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187704. eCollection 2017.
Knowledge of potential reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in an anthropic environment is important so that surveillance and control measures can be implemented. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection by Leishmania in small mammals in an area located in Minas Gerais, Brazil, that undergoes changes in its natural environment and presents autochthonous human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). For the capture of the animals, Sherman and Tomahawk traps were used and distributed in the peridomicile of houses with reports of autochthonous cases of CL or VL. Six catches were carried out on two consecutive nights with intervals of two months during one year and samples of spleen, liver, tail skin, ear skin and bone marrow of the animals were obtained. Parasitological and molecular methods were used to detect the infection. Identification of the Leishmania species was performed by PCR RFLPhsp70. Twenty five animals of four species were captured: ten Rattus rattus, nine Didelphis albiventris, five Cerradomys subflavus and one Marmosops incanus. In the PCR-hsp70, five animals were positive (20%). The Leishmania species identified in PCR-RFLPhsp70 were: Leishmania braziliensis in D. albiventris (2), C. subflavus (1) and R. rattus (1) and Leishmania infantum in R. rattus (1). The highest positivity rate for L. braziliensis was obtained in the liver samples. The spleen was the only tissue positive for L. infantum. It was isolated in culture medium L. braziliensis from two samples (liver and spleen) of R. rattus. This is the first record of isolation of L. braziliensis from R. rattus in the southeastern region of Brazil. These results are relevant to the knowledge of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the region, mainly in the investigation of the presence of hosts and possible reservoirs of the parasite.
了解利什曼原虫属在人类环境中的潜在宿主对于实施监测和控制措施非常重要。本研究的目的是调查巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州一个自然环境发生变化且出现皮肤利什曼病（CL）和内脏利什曼病（VL）本地病例的地区小型哺乳动物感染利什曼原虫的情况。为捕获动物，使用了谢尔曼陷阱和战斧陷阱，并将其分布在有CL或VL本地病例报告的房屋周边地区。在一年中连续两个晚上进行了六次捕获，每次间隔两个月，并获取了动物的脾脏、肝脏、尾部皮肤、耳部皮肤和骨髓样本。采用寄生虫学和分子方法检测感染情况。通过PCR RFLPhsp70鉴定利什曼原虫种类。共捕获了四个物种的25只动物：10只黑家鼠、9只白腹袋鼬、5只黄腹塞拉多鼠和1只灰蓬尾袋鼬。在PCR-hsp70检测中，有5只动物呈阳性（20%）。通过PCR-RFLPhsp70鉴定出的利什曼原虫种类为：白腹袋鼬（2只）、黄腹塞拉多鼠（1只）和黑家鼠（1只）体内的巴西利什曼原虫，以及黑家鼠（1只）体内的婴儿利什曼原虫。巴西利什曼原虫在肝脏样本中的阳性率最高。脾脏是婴儿利什曼原虫唯一呈阳性的组织。从黑家鼠的两个样本（肝脏和脾脏）中在培养基中分离出了巴西利什曼原虫。这是巴西东南部地区首次从黑家鼠中分离出巴西利什曼原虫的记录。这些结果对于了解该地区利什曼病的流行病学，特别是调查寄生虫的宿主和可能的储存宿主具有重要意义。
