Kim Young Hyo, Nakayama Tsuguhisa, Nayak Jayakar
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018 Jan;10(1):6-11. doi: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.6.
Glycolysis is a process that rapidly converts glucose to lactate to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under anaerobic conditions and occurs in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. On the other hand, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) converts glucose to intermediate products like UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, which is critical for post-translational modifications of proteins, such as protein glycosylation. These 2 pathways are well known to contribute to glucose metabolism, but recent studies indicate modulation of these pathways can alter immune system function. In this review article, the authors present results suggesting how cellular metabolism, including glycolysis and the HBP, occurs in immune cells, and the immunologic significances of such activities. In addition, they provide a review of the literature on the effects of glycolysis and the HBP on various autoimmune, immunologic, and allergic diseases. Finally, the authors briefly introduce the results of their research on the immunologic effects of HBP supplementation (glucosamine) in animal models of allergic disease.
糖酵解是一个在无氧条件下将葡萄糖迅速转化为乳酸以产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的过程，存在于所有真核细胞和原核细胞中。另一方面，己糖胺生物合成途径（HBP）将葡萄糖转化为诸如尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡糖胺等中间产物，这对于蛋白质的翻译后修饰（如蛋白质糖基化）至关重要。众所周知，这两条途径都参与葡萄糖代谢，但最近的研究表明，对这些途径的调节可以改变免疫系统功能。在这篇综述文章中，作者展示了一些结果，表明包括糖酵解和HBP在内的细胞代谢在免疫细胞中是如何发生的，以及这些活动的免疫学意义。此外，他们还综述了关于糖酵解和HBP对各种自身免疫性、免疫性和过敏性疾病影响的文献。最后，作者简要介绍了他们在过敏性疾病动物模型中关于补充HBP（葡糖胺）的免疫学效应的研究结果。
