RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Apr 15;621:210-218. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.238. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
Nano-enabled consumer products are a likely source of nanoparticles in the environment and a number of studies have shown the release of nanoparticles from commercial products. Predicted environmental concentrations have been calculated but there is a need for real measurement data to validate these calculations. However, the detection of engineered nanoparticles in environmental matrices is challenging because of the low predicted environmental concentrations which may be in the ng/L range. In this study nanosized Ag, CeO and TiO have been measured in multiple surface water samples collected along the rivers Meuse and IJssel in the Netherlands using single-particle ICP-MS as measurement technique. Validation of the analytical method showed its capability to quantitatively determine nanoparticles at low concentrations. Concentration mass detection limits for Ag, CeO and TiO were 0.1ng/L, 0.05ng/L and 10ng/L respectively. Size detection limits for Ag, CeO and TiO were 14, 10 and 100nm. The results of the study confirm the presence of nano-sized Ag and CeO particles and micro-sized TiO particles in these surface waters. n-Ag was present in all samples in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 2.5ng/L with an average concentration of 0.8ng/L and an average particle size of 15nm. n-CeO was found in all samples with concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 5.2ng/L with an average concentration of 2.7ng/L and an average particle size of 19nm. Finally, μ-TiO was found in all samples with a concentration ranging from 0.2 to 8.1μg/L with an average concentration of 3.1μg/L and an average particle size of 300nm. The particle sizes that were found are comparable with the particle sizes that are used in nanomaterial applications and consumer products. The nanoparticle concentrations confirm the predicted environmental concentrations values in water for all three nanoparticles.
纳米增强型消费品很可能是环境中纳米颗粒的来源，许多研究已经表明商业产品会释放纳米颗粒。已经预测了环境浓度，但需要实际的测量数据来验证这些计算。然而，由于预测的环境浓度可能在 ng/L 范围内很低，因此在环境基质中检测工程纳米颗粒具有挑战性。在这项研究中，使用单颗粒 ICP-MS 作为测量技术，在荷兰的默兹河和 IJssel 河沿线采集的多个地表水样本中测量了纳米尺寸的 Ag、CeO 和 TiO。分析方法的验证表明，它能够定量测定低浓度下的纳米颗粒。Ag、CeO 和 TiO 的浓度质量检测限分别为 0.1ng/L、0.05ng/L 和 10ng/L。Ag、CeO 和 TiO 的尺寸检测限分别为 14nm、10nm 和 100nm。该研究的结果证实了这些地表水存在纳米尺寸的 Ag 和 CeO 颗粒和微米尺寸的 TiO 颗粒。n-Ag 存在于所有样品中，浓度范围为 0.3 至 2.5ng/L，平均浓度为 0.8ng/L，平均粒径为 15nm。n-CeO 存在于所有样品中，浓度范围为 0.4 至 5.2ng/L，平均浓度为 2.7ng/L，平均粒径为 19nm。最后，μ-TiO 存在于所有样品中，浓度范围为 0.2 至 8.1μg/L，平均浓度为 3.1μg/L，平均粒径为 300nm。发现的粒径与纳米材料应用和消费品中使用的粒径相当。纳米颗粒浓度证实了所有三种纳米颗粒在水中的预测环境浓度值。
