参加跑步、定向越野和越野滑雪的青少年精英耐力运动员的损伤模式
INJURY PATTERNS IN ADOLESCENT ELITE ENDURANCE ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN RUNNING, ORIENTEERING, AND CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING.
作者信息
von Rosen Philip, Floström Frida, Frohm Anna, Heijne Annette
机构信息
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Division of Physiotherapy, Huddinge, Sweden.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Oct;12(5):822-832.
BACKGROUND
Prospective injury registration studies, monitoring adolescent elite athletes, are sparse in running, orienteering and cross-country skiing, yet essential for developing prevention programs.
PURPOSE
The aims of this study were to describe the injury prevalence/incidence, severity grade, injury location, risk factors and the prevalence of illness in running (RU), orienteering (OR) and cross-country skiing athletes (CR).
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
METHODS
One hundred fifty adolescent elite athletes (age range 16-19), participating in orienteering (25 females, 20 males), running (13 females, 18 males), cross-country skiing (38 females, 36 males), from 12 National Sports High Schools in Sweden, were prospectively followed over one calendar year using a reliable and validated web-based questionnaire.
RESULTS
The main finding was that the average weekly injury prevalence was higher during the pre-season compared to the competitive season in all three sports. RU reported the significantly (p<0.05) highest average weekly injury prevalence (32.4%) and substantial injury prevalence (17.0%), compared to OR (26.0, 8.2%) and CR (21.1%, 8.9%). Most injuries occurred in the lower extremity (RU 94.4%; OR 91.9%; CR 49.9%) and foot and knee injuries had the highest severity grade in all three sports. History of serious injury (p=0.002, OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6-9.7) and current injury at study start (p=0.004, OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.5-11.2) were identified as the strongest risk factors for substantial injury. Younger athletes aged 16 (p=0.019, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.8) and 17 (p=0.045, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.9), had a significantly higher injury risk for substantial injury compared to older athletes aged 18-19.
CONCLUSION
Practitioners should be aware of the increased injury risk during pre-season and in younger athletes. By focus on prevention of foot and knee injuries, the injuries with the highest severity grade will be targeted in adolescent elite athletes participating in running, orienteering and cross-country skiing.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2b.
背景
针对青少年精英运动员的前瞻性损伤登记研究在跑步、定向越野和越野滑雪项目中较为稀少，但对于制定预防计划至关重要。
目的
本研究旨在描述跑步（RU）、定向越野（OR）和越野滑雪运动员（CR）的损伤患病率/发病率、严重程度分级、损伤部位、危险因素以及疾病患病率。
研究设计
前瞻性队列研究。
方法
来自瑞典12所国立体育高中的150名青少年精英运动员（年龄范围16 - 19岁），包括参加定向越野的25名女性、20名男性，参加跑步的13名女性、18名男性，参加越野滑雪的38名女性、36名男性，使用基于网络的可靠且经过验证的问卷进行为期一年的前瞻性随访。
结果
主要发现是，在所有三项运动中，季前赛期间的平均每周损伤患病率高于比赛季节。与定向越野（26.0%，8.2%）和越野滑雪（21.1%，8.9%）相比，跑步项目报告的平均每周损伤患病率（32.4%）和严重损伤患病率（17.0%）显著更高（p<0.05）。大多数损伤发生在下肢（跑步94.4%；定向越野91.9%；越野滑雪49.9%），并且在所有三项运动中，足部和膝部损伤的严重程度分级最高。严重损伤史（p = 0.002，比值比4.0，95%置信区间1.6 - 9.7）和研究开始时的当前损伤（p = 0.004，比值比4.0，95%置信区间1.5 - 11.2）被确定为严重损伤的最强危险因素。16岁（p = 0.019，比值比2.6，95%置信区间1.2 - 5.8）和17岁（p = 0.045，比值比2.4，95%置信区间1.0 - 5.9）的年轻运动员与18 - 19岁的年长运动员相比，严重损伤的风险显著更高。
结论
从业者应意识到季前赛期间和年轻运动员中增加的损伤风险。通过关注足部和膝部损伤的预防，将针对参加跑步、定向越野和越野滑雪的青少年精英运动员中严重程度分级最高的损伤。
证据水平
2b。
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