Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research and Development - Östersund, Umeå University, Sweden.
Unit of Research, Development and Education, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden.
J Asthma. 2021 Jun;58(6):735-741. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1728769. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
The prevalence of asthma among elite endurance athletes is high, but less is known about the incidence of asthma among athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma among elite endurance athletes. An annual postal questionnaire was sent to an open prospective cohort of elite endurance athletes between 2011 and 2015. Athletes from Swedish National teams, students at universities with elite sport partnership, and pupils at Swedish National elite sport schools, competing in cross-country skiing, biathlon, ski orienteering, or orienteering were invited ( = 666). Incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma was calculated among those without asthma at baseline ( = 449). Risk factors for incident physician-diagnosed asthma were identified using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Response rate was 88.7% ( = 591) at baseline. The median age of participants was 17 (range 15-36) years at inclusion. The study population included 407 (69%) skiers and 184 (31%) orienteers. The prevalence of asthma at baseline was 23.9% ( = 141). Incidence rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of physician-diagnosed asthma was 61.2 (45.7-80.3) per 1,000 person-years. Risk factors (odds ratio [OR (95% CI)]) for incident physician-diagnosed asthma were family history of asthma (1.97 [1.04-3.68]), being a skier (3.01 [1.42-7.21]), and wheezing without having a cold (4.15 [1.81-9.26]). The incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma is high among Swedish elite endurance athletes.
哮喘在精英耐力运动员中的患病率较高，但运动员哮喘发病率的相关信息较少。本研究旨在调查精英耐力运动员中经医生诊断的哮喘发病率。在 2011 年至 2015 年期间，每年向一个由瑞典国家运动队运动员、有精英运动合作关系的大学学生以及瑞典国家精英运动学校的学生组成的开放性前瞻性队列寄出一份邮寄问卷。邀请参加越野滑雪、冬季两项、滑雪定向或定向越野的运动员参加（ = 666）。在基线时没有哮喘的运动员中计算了经医生诊断的哮喘发病率（ = 449）。使用多变量逻辑回归分析确定了新诊断为哮喘的风险因素。基线时的应答率为 88.7%（ = 591）。参与者的中位年龄为 17 岁（纳入范围为 15-36 岁）。研究人群包括 407 名（69%）滑雪者和 184 名（31%）定向运动员。基线时哮喘的患病率为 23.9%（ = 141）。经医生诊断的哮喘发病率（95%置信区间[CI]）为 61.2（45.7-80.3）/1000 人年。新诊断为哮喘的风险因素（比值比[95%CI]）为哮喘家族史（1.97 [1.04-3.68]）、滑雪者（3.01 [1.42-7.21]）和无感冒但喘息（4.15 [1.81-9.26]）。瑞典精英耐力运动员中经医生诊断的哮喘发病率较高。
