a Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
b Miura Dolphins Co. Ltd., 3-10-3 Sendagaya, Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0051, Japan.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Apr;43(4):403-410. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0538. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
This study investigated effects of downhill (DR) versus level (LR) running training on various muscular and aerobic performances. Eighteen healthy young males conducted either DR (DR group (DRG), n = 10: -10% slope) or LR (LR group (LRG), n = 8) training at a target heart rate (HR) associated with lactate threshold (LT) for 20 min·session, 3 sessions·week, for 5 weeks. Before and after the interventions, the following variables were measured: knee extension torque (-150, -30, 0, 30, 150°·s), leg extension power (simultaneous hip and knee extension: 0.8 m·s), squat and countermovement jump height, rebound jump index (jump height·contact time), 20-m linear sprint and change-of-direction (Pro-agility and V-cut tests) time, and aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, energy cost at LT, and velocity at maximal oxygen uptake and LT) on a level surface. Throughout the training sessions, HR during running did not differ between the groups (DRG: 77.7% ± 4.6% vs LRG: 76.4% ± 4.6% of maximal HR; average across all sessions), while velocity was significantly higher for DRG (14.5 ± 1.1 vs 12.0 ± 1.9 km·h). After the training, DRG significantly improved knee extension torque at all angular velocities (9%-24%) and change-of-direction time for both tests (2%-3%), with no changes in other parameters. LRG significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (5%), energy cost at LT (3%), and velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (7%), without changes in others. These results suggest that DR training has a greater potential to improve the knee extension strength and change-of-direction ability, but has little effect on the aerobic capacity, compared with HR-matched LR training.
本研究旨在探讨下坡（DR）与平地（LR）跑训练对多种肌肉和有氧表现的影响。18 名健康的年轻男性分别进行 DR（DR 组（DRG），n = 10：-10%坡度）或 LR（LR 组（LRG），n = 8）训练，以目标心率（HR）和乳酸阈（LT）为目标进行 20 分钟·次，每周 3 次，共 5 周。在干预前后，测量了以下变量：膝关节伸展扭矩（-150、-30、0、30、150°·s）、腿部伸展功率（同时进行髋关节和膝关节伸展：0.8 m·s）、深蹲和纵跳高度、反弹跳指数（跳高技术·接触时间）、20 米直线冲刺和变向能力（Pro-agility 和 V-cut 测试）时间，以及在水平表面的有氧能力（最大摄氧量、LT 时的能量消耗以及最大摄氧量和 LT 时的速度）。在整个训练过程中，两组之间跑步时的 HR 没有差异（DRG：77.7%±4.6%与 LRG：76.4%±4.6%的最大 HR；所有训练的平均值），而 DRG 的速度明显更高（14.5±1.1 与 12.0±1.9 km·h）。训练后，DRG 显著提高了所有角速度的膝关节伸展扭矩（9%-24%）和两个测试的变向时间（2%-3%），而其他参数没有变化。LRG 显著提高了最大摄氧量（5%）、LT 时的能量消耗（3%）和最大摄氧量时的速度（7%），而其他参数没有变化。这些结果表明，与 HR 匹配的 LR 训练相比，DR 训练更有可能提高膝关节伸展力量和变向能力，但对有氧能力的影响较小。
